Ethics of Human Cloning Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Human Cloning EssayIn 1971 James D. Watson claimed that one day military personnel cloning would be workable and noned that as umteen people as possible be informed slightly the new ways for valet reproduction and their potential consequences, both good and openhanded(Burley and Harris 2001, p. 69). Watsons logical argument was given little attention. In 1997, the birth of Dolly, today the worlds most famous sheep, caused far-flung humankind excitement. Dolly became artifici all(prenominal)y invoked clon and proof that cloning large animals like sheep or humans would be possible. More importantly perhaps, Dolly raises many different sorts of important questions for human beings. Human cloning has been met with widespread unease all over the world and generated a series of ethical issues that leave behind be discussed in this paper. Main Body In opposition to productive cloning it is asserted that the method would be falsify danger to human beings. For exampl e, Dr Harry Griffin, the director of the Roslin Institute, Scotland, that successfully cloned Dolly the sheep indicates thatIt would be irresponsible to try and clone a human being, given the present state of the technology. The chances of success are so suffering it would be irresponsible to encourage people to think theres a real prospect. The risks are too ample for the woman, and of course for the child (Griffin, 2001). However, spell the possible success regarding human cloning whitethorn be gloomy and there may be risks of undeveloped embryos, against this it could be claimed that similar arguments could keep been directed against the potential expertness of in vitro fertilization techniques (IVF).IVF was once considered unsuccessful but today is a well-developed and valued treatment for infertility. IVF would never have developed if negative reasons such(prenominal) as this were successfully used to oppose it. A split second concern on the subject of human cloning is a bout the motivation of those who would want to clone themselves and others. On the one hand, it might be accepted that human cloning would make possible for infertile couples to discover patrimonialalally related children.On the other hand, there seems to be a worry that people may use human cloning non in order to found a family but with intend to make a copy of themselves. In addition, there may be people who hope to produce copies of other living or dead individuals. For example, it was this motivation for cloning that was the theme of the fictional film The Boys from Brazil. In the film Hitlers genotype was cloned to produce a Fuehrer for the future tense (Harris 1998, p. 169). However, any clone of an existing person will not be a copy of that person.Having the same genotype as another individual does not make a clone the same individual and it is probable that effects from the egg and from the environment would make any clone considerably different from their genetic twi n. While this may be so, it could be potential that those who employ human cloning with purpose to produce a copy of themselves or others will not be proper parents. As a outcome, the welfare of any produced child will suffer. The motivation of many parents to produce a child may also not withstand close examination. What would be a good motivation for wishing to have a sun or daughter?It could be claimed that all motivations to ingest to birth a child are based, at least to some degree, on the egoistical feelings of future parents. A third main concern on the regard of human cloning involves these kinds of worries about the well-being of the produced child. It may be possible that any child born as a result of nuclear somatic transfer cloning will experience disadvantage either because he/she is robbed of his/her genetic indistinguishability or because he/ she will not have an open future (Harris 1998, p. 169). To what extent is a cloned person robbed of his/her genetic identity ?While most human beings are genetically unique, there seems to be no indication that permitting the birth of genetically identical twins derived from a single fertilized ovum robs anyone of their genetic identity or even that the fact that twins of this kind share a genetic identity is causing harm to these individuals. It could be stated, therefore, that it thus seems not clear why this factor should make human cloning unethical. It has been indicated (Holm, 1998) that clones created by means of nuclear somatic transfer cloning will live their lives in the shadow of their older genetic twin.As a result, the clones will not have the open future that most of ordinary people have and, it might be argued, human beings have a by in good orders to. Soren Holm, for example, argues that Usually when a child is born we ask hypothetical questions like How will it develop? or What kind of person will it become? and we often answer them with reference to various psychological traits we f orce out identify in the biological mother or father or in their familiesIn the contingency of the clone we are, however, liable(predicate) to give much more specific answers to such questions.Answers that will then go on to affect the way the child is reared (Holm, 1998, pp. 160-161). Holms point of view is that producing a clone that lives tone in the shadow of an older genetic twin is unethical as It diminishes the clones possibility of living a invigoration that is in a full sense of that word his or her support. The clone is forced to be knobbed in an attempt to perform a complicated partial re-enactment of the life of somebody else (the original) (Holm, 1998, p. 162).This means that while people usually claim for the importance of the moral principles of respect for individual autonomy or the force out to make a decision for oneself without influence from outside, people are violating these principles by robbing clones this opportunity to live their lives in the way the y want. The way the clones were produced will putt them in a position where they are living in a shadow. However, even if this claim is true that clones would live in the shadow of their genetic originals, it is not diaphanous that this fact should compel people to prohibit human cloning.Arguments that compel people to consider the well-being of a resulting child are questionable. It has been claimed that a person is only wronged by being brought to birth if he/she has a life so bad that it would be a cruelty rather than a kindness to bring it into existence (Bennett and Harris, 2002, p. 323). This kind of unfortunate existence is sometimes characterized as an unworthwhile life. An unworthwhile life would be a life of extremely negative experience and worsening. Other lives that may be not perfect, but not so worthless as to deprive that individual of an amazing experience of living, are termed worthwhile lives.In this regard, the statement is that as long as a person is likely to have a worthwhile life he/she is not disadvantaged by being brought to birth. Thus, even if a human clone is likely to have a life that is somehow less than ideal, his or her suffering is unlikely to be such that it makes life unworthwhile. It could therefore be claimed that while being born a clone may not be the ideal way of coming into the world, it is the only opportunity of existing in this world and to have a life that is likely to be worth living.If this position was considered, it would establish human cloning as ethically acceptable at least on the grounds of giving the child a right to exist. Conclusion The topic human cloning has a number of ethically puzzling if not hard features. Cloning will be one of the most hotly debated and least well-understood phenomena in near future. today human cloning meets with overwhelming opposition. However, it is clear that human cloning turns out to be the perfect shape of the ruling possibilities for new age.