The Death of Socrates by Jacques-Louis David Assignment - 9

The Death of Socrates by Jacques-Louis David - Assignment modellingThe researcher states that when one looks at the painting, they can see that everyone in the composition is mournful and sorrowful take out the stoic soldiery in white drapery at the center of the artwork. Here is a man who maintains his resolve in the wake of death and decides to stick to his principles, despite being condemned to death for the same philosophy. The researcher wants this painting to be viewed at his funeral because it is a representation of strength, loyalty, and principle. The researcher limits to live his life as he always has, remaining true to himself and living by a code of practicing what the author believes in. The researcher wants tribe to know that he did not live life in fear, that instead of mourning, they should celebrate his life, achievements, failures, and impact on the society. Jacques-Louis composition is a perfect representation of the bravery and principle, with which the resea rcher has lived his life. The researcher not only intend on living a life of value and principle, he also intends on using this values to positively impact society, as Socrates influenced Plato.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics in Barclays Bank Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics in Barclays Bank - Essay ExampleBecause of this novel innovation in CSR, Barclays presents an ideal context in which to look for the broader implications of community citizenship among banks. 1.2 Purpose of the study The study seeks to examine integrated social responsibility policies, including business ethical motive and its impact on Barclays bank practice and key stakeholders. It shall lay the foundations by describing Barclays history and environment, its organizational framework and the philosophy underlying its banking operations. The study shall proceed to detailing the banks CSR ethos, the programs by which it is fleshed out, and the mode by which the programs are executed. Finally, the study shall determine the effects of the CSR programs among its stakeholders, particularly its employees and customers. From these findings, the study may conclude whether or not its CSR philosophy and programs attain their objectives an d contribute to the strategic goals of the firm. 1.3 Objectives The purpose of this research will be achieved by targeting the following objectives (1) To describe Barclays Bank as a business, detailing its history, organizational structure, operational philosophy, and corporate exercise (2) To investigate the CSR philosophy of Barclays and the manner in which this vision is sought to be realized by its programs and practices (3) To prise the effectiveness of these CSR programs and practices towards the attainment of the CSR objectives and, ultimately, the organizations overall strategic goals and (4) To arrive at insights and recommend likely courses of actions that may contribute to the CSR efforts of banks in general. 1.4 Research questions The degree to which this research will be able to... The mark of this study is corporate social responsibility. One definition is that CSR is a matter of reporting the impact of corporate activities on its various stakeholders - i.e. custo mers, employees, shareholders and creditors, regulators and the government, communities, and society in general. Three disciplines of thought appear to emerge in CSR academic literature the neo-liberal school which focuses on industry self-regulation the state-led school which centers on national and international regulation and the corporate-centered school which focuses on the role of the organization, depending on whether it is for-profit or not-for-profit. CSR did not develop as a well-defined image overnight. The experience of National Westminster Bank, then the eighth largest in the world, mirrored that of many similar other banks. Among employees, as talented staff advanced up the hierarchy, in about 40 years they were at a point when too many people were chasing too few jobs. Some people had to be passed over, divergence them disillusioned and disaffected. Almost serendipitously at the time, however, the British National Gallery issued a request to the bank for coin and an administrator to spearhead a fund-raising campaign. The bank delegate a then inactive branch theatre director to handle the project, which ended in success nine months earlier. Not long thereafter, seeing the success of this and attendant similar projects, the banks personal manager and its board decided to establish National Westminster Enterprises, wherein it assigned more than one hundred of its administrators to assist various charities all over England.

QUESTION What issues of the convention of ministerial responsibility Essay

QUESTION What issues of the convention of ministerial responsibility do the facts of the above scenario raise - Essay ExampleThe office be atomic number 18rs argon answerable to the fantan in general and the constitution of UK is strong enough to keep a check on everyone who has index number and who is holding the offices in various ministries. To ensure the departments and governing bodies work properly, the government has a set of rules, and the responsibilities of these ministries are known to the general public. Thus if anyone goes against the norm, it is noticed and pointed out by the general public.The scenario created in the case is a very interesting one. First, the family minister who is supposed to protect the family unit and its respect is having an extra marital affair. wherefore the minister of social welfare is not willing to accept her fault and as a proceeds lots of people are kept waiting for their social welfare funds. Thirdly, the prime minister just now finds it easy to ignore the no confidence vote If for a moment one believes that this could happen in the UK government and offer of Commons, it means that there practically would be no constitution to stop the unchewable from destroying those who are powerless against them. Well, thanks heavens, this is not the case in general. The case is a piece of allegory which is too far fetched. In the past we do have examples of ministers who have abided by the rules and legislations provided to them by the constitution. temper for any elected government is the supreme authority. With the constitution in place, the ministers have the guideline for them to work upon. The Crichel state of matter Affair (1954) is one case that proves the importance of ministerial responsibility. Crichel Down was a piece of farmland in Dorset compulsorily bought by the government for defence use. Commander George Martin, son of the original farmer, wanted to buy the land back in the 1950s now that it was no lo nger used by the MoD. However the Ministry of culture resisted, wanting to use the land for experimental farming in a time of rationing and agrarian development. However, Martin, a former equerry in the Royal Family, had very influential friends and stirred up much stretch forth in the local Conservative Party and government backbenches. There followed a public inquiry which criticized the departments closing and civil servants, especially their methods. It was seen as an example of an over-powerful state. Finally Dugdale announced that Martin could buy the land back and told the House of Commons he was resigning. Dugdales resignation went down in history as an honourable, even heroic, one a minister taking responsibility for civil servants actions. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministerial_responsibility)The issues raised by the scenario Keeping this incident in view, the uncertainty that comes to my mind to carry forward this debate is that what are the measures taken by the go vernment to ensure that the ministers are able to meet their responsibilities Is it just natural that the personal affairs of a minister can be a real concern in the dispensation of his or her public duties What are the ministerial ethics we are looking for Do the media have any role in pointing the faults of ministers out to them Also, we need to know if joint Ministerial Responsibility myth or a realityWith reference to the scenario stated, an extra marital affair, which is specifically in the personal interest of the

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Religion - Essay ExamplePast societal experiences are believed to cast a great impact on various pietisms. The readings also share a common creative thinker that their pioneers and the societal culture have influenced different religions. The readings explain that there are some things that are divided amongst different religions such as negative things that should be avoided by the followers. The readings also show that every religion has their devotees who strongly believe in the doctrine and overall teachings of that religion. However, there are common ideas shared amongst religions including the anguish about breeding and death and the reverencing of God. The readings further admit that issues to do with religions are very tough to superintend and may be a bit confusing. Religion plays a significant role when it comes to peaceful coexistence because roughly of the conflicts and world struggle originate from 9/11. Christianity tends to remain as the dominant religion in t wain readings.The readings tend to look at the aspect of religion in different styles by giving it a unique approach. They offer an understanding of the religion in various perspectives by relying on different sources and preliminary knowledge. The readings also reveal various things that guide different religious beliefs. The second Vatican Council defines religion as a group of people gathered for a common goal of getting answers to the unresolved human riddles and shares a common destiny, God. The council believes that acquiring answers to the unresolved life puzzles such as what happens when one is dead can completely be answered by religion. Religions are the path through which the world attempts to overcome the restlessness of peoples hearts by outlining a program of life covering doctrine and sacred rites with high regard for the manner of life and conduct.Prothero highlights eight rival religions that rule the world and believes that religion

Death and dying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Death and dying - investigate Paper ExampleReligiously-motivated terrorism is seen in Afghanistan (Walker, 2011) and in America (Robinson, 1999) and throughout history and all oer the world. Religion-inspired genocide was seen in the Crusades and in the treatment of the Tibetans by the Chinese government (Kopel, 2010). Religiously-motivated cult self-destructions, such as the Peoples Temple Jonestown Massacre (Ross, 2001) or the Heavens Gate group suicide in which 41 died (religioustolerance.org, 1997), are seemingly less rare than they used to be. at that place are laws against killing, to date the government reserves the right to kill for punishment or to kill in war. They can fifty-fifty create a justification to kill for experimental purposes (Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, 1970). The interpretation of law is complex. other death and dying controversy centers around whether an individual has a fundamental right to die. The US composition talks about the right to animation and closeness, but does not specify whether ones liberty extends to the right to decide when to die. Dr. Kevorkian was a modern day Apostle , evangelizing for this right in society. He postulates that everyone has that right and that doctors deplete the right to help people in carrying out a decision to end their own life (Nelan & McBride/Detroit, 1993)There is also a controversy around the meaning of near death experience. Some call back it to be a spiritual experience that comes with death and explains where you go after death , while others argue that it is just a result of the compression of the optic nerve and cerebral anoxia (Blackmore, 1998) and carbon dioxide in the neckcloth (Science Daily, 2010). Some people meet Jesus or relatives and take it literally, while skeptics look for alternate explanations.There is controversy around how to dispose of the dead persons corpse. Some people want to be buried, while others want to be cremated. There are

Entrepreneurial ventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneurial take a chances - Essay ExampleBusiness pay is a wide area and an exhaustive examination of each is not possible. However, the essay allow shoot out the disadvantages of each method of financing (Galloway 382). The bias may lie on the start-ups inclined that the sign stages of the line of reasoning are the most difficult to finance since the risk is usually highest.There are dickens broad categories of business finance debt financing and equity financing. These are ways of sourcing the capital that a business requires either to start operating, continue its day to day operation operating, or to attain a given strategic objective. Debt financing has the characteristic that the business or the entrepreneur has to repay with interest. The debt capital is a liability. blondness financing is the investment of the entrepreneur and other owners into the business (Krulikowski 245). This is risk capital.The distinction between debt and equity is that debt is a loan to the business while equity represents the extent to which one owns the venture. This leads to the issue of ownership and control of a business venture which complicates many startups. Debt financing maintains ownership while equity financing cedes some role ownership of the business venture. This is a significant consideration when choosing the type of financing for the business.There is no dearth of investors in the world, but in that location is a shortage of successful entrepreneurs. However, regardless of the source of financing, the entrepreneur mustiness carefully evaluate the type of financing that the business requires (Krulikowski 267). This will depend on several factors. Firstly, there is a distinction on whether it is a startup or an established business. The size of operations will also determine the financing.The entrepreneur must have a business plan for the particular venture he or she plans to undertake. This means that

Grassroots Activism Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grassroots Activism Project - Essay role modelThis sexual practice mainstreaming is one of the best and very convenient to pursue. It involves looking at the way organization functions in terms of policy development and governance, agenda setting, the administrative function and the overall system as whole. consort to Tiessen (2010) gender, mainstreaming is able to accommodate any institutional structure. Institutional gender mainstreaming policy should and must be fit with channels that modifys programmatic gender mainstreaming. Additionally, it is the line of action that manipulate functionality of the organization that does not reinforce or hold off patterns of gender inequality in its staffing, functions and governance. In pursuing this line of action, gender inequality will become to be history in the society because it takes a multi-pronged dimension in redressing the social problem of gender inequalityIn the spirit of programmatic gender mainstreaming a number of action are taken to ensure that the issue of gender inequality is solved. It is one of the means that if its action are fully implemented because the apologue of masculinity will be broken, it encourage inter gender competition that is healthy, it will enable women to be respected especially in areas where gender based violence is endemic.The issue or quite concern that is of priority to solve is the inequality that is being experienced because of the myth of masculinity, which is strongly held by a number of people in the society. Its a myth that has cripp lead most of the institution that has led to a number social issues that is a concern that is related with imbalanced staffing in term of gender, administrative roles are biased toward one gender because of myth of masculinity (Inglehart, 2009).In order to break this myth of masculinity there is a number of actions that were taken. First and foremost was coming up with the policies that will tell recruitment a cross the gender. Thi s will ensure that

Person focused clinical inquiry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Person focused clinical inquiry - Essay Exampletube, he pointed at the catheter. I promised him, his identity would remain orphic he replied, I dont care I inquired about his impression about his illness. Davy said, he is an architect, and he loves creating toughies, and he does this in the attic of his house. Meg added, It was October 20, afternoon. Davy continued in a garbled speech, I was creating a model of a building, suddenly I felt fainted, and I was not able to control my fingers, I seek to call Meg, she was in the lawn, I could not voice. Rest I dont know. Meg added, When I heard something well-grounded falling, I ran to the attic only to find that Davy was slumped in the bathroom. When I woke up in the hospital bed, I didnt know what was the day, and they told me I had a stroke. I understood he had an internal bleed in his head, and with narration of diabetes and history of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and hypertension, he was pretty much at risk of this human body of cerebrovascular accident. Pathophysiology I was able to reconstruct the accident he suffered from. A bleeding inside the brain happens when a blood vessels ruptures within the brain. Davy was already a patient of hypertension on antihypertensive medication. He had diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. He was perhaps diagnosed to be having coronary artery disease (Ariesen, M.J. et al, 2003). He was on aspirin, which was held on this entryway (Coller B.S., 1990). On further inquiry and with Megs help, I could recover Davy is now dysarthric, he can understand clear the conversation, but his expression is not clear enough to communicate in the early phases of this...1223 - 1227.Schroeder, E.B., Rosamond, W.D., Morris, D.L., Evenson, K.R., and Hinn, A.R. (2000). Determinants of Use of exigency Medical Services in a Population With misfortune Symptoms The Second Delay in Accessing Stroke Healthcare (DASH II) Study, Stroke 31 p. 2591.Thrift, G.A., Mc Neil, J.J., Forbes, A., and Donnan, G.A. (1999), Risk Of Primary Intracerebral Haemorrhage Associated With Aspirin And Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Case-Control Study, British Medical Journal 318 pp. 759 - 764.UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group (1998). Efficacy Of Atenolol And Captopril In trim down Risk Of Macrovascular And Microvascular Complications In Type 2Diabetes UKPDS 39, British Medical Journal 317 pp.713 - 720.

Sunflower Incorporated management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

helianthus Incorporated management - Essay ExampleBrands such as Frito-Lay, Nabisco, Pringles, Bordens and Planters are determined to growing their market share through re impertinented marketing strategies of their products (Cummings and Worley 239). These imminent dangers to the accompany propelled the president of Sunflower, Mr. Joe Steelman, to pirate Agnes Albanese from a competitor. The new position of Director of Pricing and Purchasing was created specifically for her. Her direct superior was Mr. Mobley, the Vice chairperson for Finance. The president and Mr. Mobley both gave her freedom in her position and to create rules and procedures as she sees fit. Her position as a new top executive of the company necessitated coordination with each region and this was made known to all refer personnel for compliance. Less than a month from taking on the job, Albanese implemented a number of new policies that every region moldiness comply with toward a standardized system for all r egions. These changes are, first, financial executives must nonify her of more than 3% changes in local pricing, second, contracts summateing to more than $5,000 must first be clear by her office. Though the latter rule is in fact inoperable since majority of the items are bought in bulk and distributed from the head office and only 40% are from within each region. These guidelines, she decided, were to be send to the regional executives through telecommunicate and shall be implemented immediately and thereafter be included in the companys policies within four months (ibid 240). Haphazard Changes The major mistake that Albanese committed is in sexual climax up with new procedures without proper diagnosis of the needs of the company and... Sunflower Incorporated is primarily a distribution company which purchases salty snack and liquor and supplies it to various retail stores in the United States and Canada. The company has had an established system focusing on geographical locat ion as its main consideration. The main unit of Sunflower has given its branches ample leeway in terms of autonomy since each location consists of a varied demand correlative to the predisposition of the consumers of their given area. Understandably, each region consumes a greater amount of one product over another. Where whisky and bourbon is a major demand in the northeast recrudesce of the United States, vodka, gin and rum is popular in the West while Mexican taste is replicated in the snacks distributed to the southwest. The company in its outlets in the two countries is divided into 22 regions where each has an independent finance department, buying department, sales team and a central warehouse. The signs were clear early on but Agnes Albanese opted to disregard them and instead obstinately carried on a plan which lacks procedural and substantive purpose. She acted as though time was not on her side and executed changes that are ill-fitting to the organization as it stands. She took the liberty given to her by the highest be executives of the company and despite the cautionary advice of her superior, Albanese proceeded with her plan instantaneously. There was no proper evaluation of all ring conditions nor was there a concrete plan of action that everyone is on the same page. Evidently, it is easier to say yes on email than to argue with the computer.

Special education collaboration, book reflection 2 Coursework

Special education collaboration, book reflection 2 - Coursework grammatical casehe particular help and support here is in the concept of how each member of the aggroup can assist one an different in achieving the departmental objectives, aims, and the set goals. In this paper am going to write a reflective essay on the events taking place in the story, that choosing a specific one, basing on what we have gotten taught in class.I have settled down to dissect and talk about the fact the author talks of Simon going to his office, in the BullsEye organization, on one of the weekends, Saturday. The main(prenominal) purpose of him walking into the office despite being a non-working day has shown us close to levels of function towards competence in his job. The aspect of accountability gets further reflected when Simon realizes that John, his junior staff in the department he is heading, had also walked in earlier, to rectify on their wrongly done job. Accountability, as a factor of collaboration, has reflected on the fundamentals of collaboration that need to be kept in place in order o achieve the set group objectives and goals (Friend & Cook, 2010).The situation nigh this particular event that I have elect came along as a result of one of the departments of the BullsEye organization, lead by Simon, failed to deliver as evaluate (Lundin & Nelson, 2010). The overall manager of the team had complained a lot concerning the poor performance of these particular departments despite the other units performing well above their targets set for them. The failure of this particular group to deliver as pass judgment brought some reactions by the top management, and the next action to get taken was to change the head of this failed department. Simon could not believe this and had to spare his weekend time and walk into the office so that he could make some corrections on the faults made by his junior staffs.Upon reaching the room, Simon realized that John was also arou nd to help him make corrections on some of the errors so that they could come up with some grapheme jobs

CEO Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CEO Paper - Essay ExampleIacocca had adequately displayed through his actions that he is a fair moreover firm manager that he assumes full right for his actions that he is an optimist who seeks opportunities in the face of overwhelming businesss that he goads his managers into maintained discipline by requiring them to face the problem and make tough decisions and finally that he is a leader as well as a manager. Iacocca admits to some miserablecomings, such as giving in to the pressure of union demands in fear of bankruptcy, but there is no perfect executive. For all intents and purposes, Iacocca has demonstrated that he embodies the tenets of Henman, Drucker, Kotter, and Heifetz and Laurie. The theories are therefore validated, in so far as concerns the leadership style of Lee Iacocca. ... Iacocca was known for discontinuing certain models in favor of what morose out to be best sellers, namely the Mustang, the minivan, the Jeep Grand Cherokee, and the convertible Le Baron (Nul ty & De Llosa, 1993 Taylor & Schonfeld, 1992). The sideline discussion explores the leadership style of Lee Iacocca, and how he manifests the leadership principles described by Henman, Drucker, Kotter, Heifetz and Laurie. F2 Leadership (Linda Henman, 2011) F2 is short for firm but fair leadership, meaning that the executive treads the middle ground between relationship behaviour on the one hand, and task accomplishment on the other (Strategy Driven, 2011). Evidence of Iacoccas sense of lividness is his pronouncement when he first took over Chrysler that he would accept only $1 as his allowance which the company was in distress, until such time as Chrysler would have recovered and been stewarded back to a firmly stable growth path. Iacocca admitted that as chairman, he was persuaded to give in a bit too a great deal to the unions, and it showed weakness on his part. I was part of that (giveaways to union contracts). You always knuckled under because if you took a 2-week strike in the old days, it could bankrupt youBut they really had you.. You cant pay a janitor $50 or $60 an hour to sweep the floor. Thats a little wacko (Iacocca, quoted by Smith, 2006). However, when tough decisions had to be made, the Chrysler CEO did not balk. In order to save Chrysler from bankruptcy, Iacocca had persuaded the Federal government to extend to it a $1.5 one million million loan guarantee in 1980. In 1983, seven years before its deadline, the company had fully paying off all federally backed loans. How Iacocca did this was by making some very difficult

American Inervention Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Inervention Policy - Term Paper ExampleThroughout the twentieth centuries, nearly of the colonized countries gained their independence from the European nations, making rendering this traditional and overt kind of purplishism a much-hated store of past exploitation. There are some who argue that in the absence of this controlling power of these western sandwich European colonizing forces, the United States of America has now stepped in as a new kind of imperial player in world politics. In a recent book which provocatively calls the United States a Rogue State a great many incidents are mentioned which show the extent to which American governments rent gone to ensure that American interests are actively promoted across the globe. A list of morally and licitly dubious strategies is given, including deliberate assassinations of foreign leaders, regime changes, military strikes, and economic measures designed to cripple whole countries and regions which for whatever reason oppose American plans for the world. The author, American journalist and researcher William Blum, cites 40 incidences of assassination, for example, which are recognized as having been carried out by American forces and mentions evidence that convicted murderers were even recruited for this task The training of the carefully-selected recruits ranged from dehumanization of the enemy to acclimating them emotionally through special films showing people being killed and injured in violent ways (Blum, 2000, p. 40). In its methods, then, it is clear that the United States has had occasion to use at least some of the hated tactics of colonial rule. The invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq bear some resemblance to imperialist interventions because they involve the explicit movement of troops and some administrative personnel to these foreign lands in order to effect political changes. There is no immediate risk of infection of attack from either of these two countries on American soil, thou gh the possibility of single terrorist acts from smaller groups which whitethorn well shelter in these countries is always present, as was seen to terrible effect in the 9/11 atrocities.

Occupational health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Occupational wellness - Essay ExampleThe injured im ingredient also be assisted in getting blanket(a) compensation claims. The principle used in quick and study disasters is determining the hazards that should be corrected. Investigation storey The information in the investigation report documents the findings of the investigation is as outlined below Employees pertain in that location should be a brief description of the employee injured in the accident. Information about the employer should be provided as well. Date of accident and time should also be included in the report. The information provided will assist in confirming whether the information provided by the victim is genuine or not. Job denomination and department Information concerning job title and department will assist in claiming indemnification. The insurance companionship has to verify that such a person worked for a certain(prenominal) company in a certain department. Supervisor or lead personnel The super visor and management in a company atomic number 18 responsible for the synthetic rubber of the workers failure to which they fucking be sued on legal grounds of neglect. As such, they should be included in an investigation report. Witnesses Since the investigators are not able to investigate the scene of the accident straightaway after occurrence of the accidents, witnesses act as a primary source of information. Brief description of the accident or incident The victim should be able to offer information about what occurred. However, more endeavour should be put in trying to gather more information especially from witnesses. Body part affected The victim should state which body part was affected when the fomite hit him/her. This will alter proper compensation to be issued to the victim. Reason for seeking root cause The employer should be experienced complete to realize when accidents are caused by unsafe conditions. As such, attempts to find the human errors that were the ca uses of the accident should commence harmonise to Filtzer, (2002). First of all, it is necessarily to examine a link of events or primal factors that may have take to the accident. Some of the questions asked by the employer include bewilderment, was the employee distracted so as to be hit by the vehicle?, Safe work procedure should always be followed, if not, there should be a reason why, Were safety devices in the vehicle in order during the time of the accident and whether the worker was trained? The employer should also get hold of the insurance firm after identifying the causes, report the findings and develop the appropriate corrective action according to Granger, (2010). The insurance should also evaluate the effectiveness of the plan and also implement it. Four possible root Causes of Accidents Accidents can be caused by problem of personal factors. While some causes may be immediate, others are underlying such as in the case when management systems fail. Distraction D istraction falls under task factors. The behavior of the employee is best known to the employer according to Henry, (1837). The distraction of an employee is visible to the employer. As such, the employee should be the judge whether the distraction of an employee would have been the cause of the accident. The employer should also know the effects of the distraction experienced around the work area. There are some employees that have devastating effects when they are distracted and usually cause major accidents. Other task related factors include

Economics System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics System - Essay ExampleThey ensure that the limited resources argon prioritised and allocated accordingly. In a traditional economic carcass, society takes precedence over individual interests. Resources are shared every bit and individuals work together. Australia is a region that uses this type of body, among the aboriginal communities. In the mixed economic system, most decisions are made by individuals in the food market. The United States is an example of a nation that uses this system. In market economies, decisions on the economic standing of a region are made by individuals. The interaction of people and organizations determines how resources are allocated, for example, Brazil. In the command economic system, the government is in charge of the economic status of the region. The distribution and assignation of resources is determined by the state (Myers 2012, p. 83). Socialism is the perfect type of such a system, an example organism Cuba. Free market saving A f ree market system is an economic system in which the states government does not interfere with businesses. The ex intensify of goods and services between individuals is voluntary. ... All factors of yield are owned privately. Mixed economic systems on the other hand have regulations that need to be followed. There are price guidelines stipulated by major parties that control the movement of goods and services in the economy (Ertuna 2012, p. 76). The basic principle that surrounds this system is that the means of production are carried out by private owners as well as government agencies. Self-interests run the objectives of free markets, but they do respond to the of necessity of the consumers in the market. Mixed markets have the opposite objective as they aim to give everyone consumers, the government, and even workers, what they work for in the region. No price mechanism runs the mixed economic system as with the free market system. Things change from time to time, but it is ofte n done for the overall good of all individuals (Cowie & Ison 2010, p. 37). The free market system advocates for prices that only benefit privately run resources in the economy, which sometimes weighs on the poorer individuals in the region. How free market economy is to a greater extent effective than mixed economy The free market system is believed to be more effective than the mixed economic system because more players are involved in the economy. This is because all that is offered by means of a free market system comes from all around the world. The free market pricing system makes the availability of goods and services from all around the world a welcome phenomenon. Entrepreneurs and business minds are attached the largest scope and opportunity to risk their capital in a bid to offer resources that satisfy the needs of consumers (Cowie & Ison 2010, p. 48).

Community Board Meeting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community Board Meeting - look Proposal ExampleNo one knows everything about all aspects of aim operations. The best give slightons corporations show, teamwork in decision-making, which as well as is sensitive to many elements-the community, the professional staff and various branches of government-which share responsibility for public education.The school board discussed growing worries about the economy and its effect on the public schools 2009-2010 budget. The board discussed the reality of potency budget reduction and the possibility that many teachers and school staffs could be laid off during the next academic year.Teachers and staffers are definitely impinge oned in this board meeting. They feared safety and persona would be compromised if the district growth with preliminary plans to lay off dozens of employees, including special programs and campus monitors. Frustration among attendees was present in a life-size proportion through the possibility of job losses and the impact of staff reduction on the quality of study and other programs for students. The budget cuts would force reduction or termination of important students programs, like the discontinuation of college prep courses. Teacher layoffs would increase classroom size, increasing the average class size to the high 30s and commencement 40s, which would have a negative impact on the students. 3. How would the decisions taken impact health on race/aggregate from the overall broad perspective of health What level of prevention was involved in the decision (if appropriate) (8)The school budget cuts will affect the most vulnerable students, including immigrants and children needing mental health services. Reducing school staffs also mean cutting back on social workers, counselors, special education teachers, and nurses. These professionals will have less time in each school, meaning fewer opportunities for intervention and increased caseloads. This definitely will affect primary preventi on, which means cutting back on health education programs, such as do drugs prevention program to teach children about the influence and effects of drugs and alcohol, and personal coping, and resisting skills. Also affecting junior-grade and tertiary prevention, which means fewer nurses, counselors, and social workers will be doing health and mental screenings and not be able to provide the best care to the vulnerable population. 4. Was the meeting productive Consider the following

Deadly Unna Film Essay Example for Free

Deadly Unna Film EssayAustralian Rules A comparative review by Anita Jetnik sour (QUT) for Australian Screen Education. Published as Jetnikoff, Anita (2003) Australian Rules a comparative review. Australian Screen Education(30)36-38. The title may mislead some viewers, as this is non a hire astir(predicate) a foot orb game code, anymore than Bend it with Beckham is about soccer. This powerful, brave and earlier fierce feature is the de contributed of Paul Goldman, who co-wrote the screenplay with the novelist Phillip Gwynne.Both the storylines and characters from Gwynnes awardwinning novel Deadly Unna? nd its sequel Nukkin Ya, control been combined in the film, which was commissioned by South Australian Film Corporation for the Adelaide Festival of arts 2002, and caused a furore with the local Aboriginal federation. The film was screened after a lot deliberation over the objections against depictions of a character resembling a member of the Penninsular community. Thi s certainly suggests collaboration with Indigenous communities could have been sought at anterior stages of the project. In my demonstrateing of the film, however, it is the washrag community who write out the more brutal, bigoted and shameful.The Aboriginal community, on the opposite hand, signify solidarity, and sharing. The film was released and promoted by Palace, with the slogan live by the rules play by the rules. There is, however, an almost apartheid divide surrounded by the coloured Nunga) and white Goonya) communities in this film and the central characters in the flesh(predicate) navigating between the deuce, means he must break unwritten rules. The film is based on aspects of twain novels, the partly autobiographical novel Deadly Unna, and its sequel, Nukkin Ya, Nunga expressions for Great hey and See you later.Both novels were easy to read and full of humour in spite of the serious subject matter of racism, interracial relationships, adolescent angst, shoema kers last and revenge. The novels belong to the adolescent problem or coming-of-age genre and argon being studied in subaltern schools. The film has little of the novels lightness and the narrators ability to laugh at him egotism and his communitys foibles. This sometimes disturbing films tone is brutal, the landscape stark, sordid and in decay. Most of the characters occupying the saline, arid coastal town are nasty.The big(a) men are barflies, maggot breeders, fornicators and losers and the women are victims or sluts. This hopeless adult world offers nonhing for the young in this fishing town. Viewers are invited to identify with the young, for whom hope lies in escape. The central figure of Blacky (Nathan Phillips), is an intelligent 14 year old caught between the literary world of his imagery and the literal world of his small towns bigotry. His mother, who encourages him to play football and to do well at school, is a battler, a victim of his becomes brutality. The dilapi dated house the Black family occupy oozes poverty and neglect.These are white fringe dwellers. In the novel Blacky refers to what kind of chops the family will consume as indicative of the pov metre. They condescend at the local op shop. Like many small rural Australian towns, this coastal community struggles to run short. The black and white communities in the region are divided, separated physically by a stretch of coastline, whites at the port and blacks at the point. Even the local pub segregates the Aboriginal drinkers from the white ones. The irony is that the local football team is only viable when the Aboriginal boys come over from the point to play.The sporting fixture allows the communities to merge, but the union stops there. Blacky crosses the racial divide to befriend Dumby Red (Luke Carroll) a talented Aboriginal Australian Rules Player from the Point and to romance Dumbys sister Clarence (Lisa Flanagan). Whereas book built up the friendship by Blackys doubt and hes itation about Dumby, this is not dealt with in the film. The film opens with the two characters already mates, session together in the dilapidated shed of the red dirt football field, commiserating over the ineffectiveness of their coach-and-four, Arks (Kevin Harrington).Dumbys spectacular football prowess has been spotted by a city talent scout, which sets up the get for him to win best Player in the final against a much stronger team. A contract to a city football team would mean a possible escape from the bigotry and emptiness of the Penninsularhis jeopardize to be a sporting success. Blacky finds himself an unwitting hero and awarded best team man for winning the premiership game. He unwittingly collides with the toughest star player on the opposing team and is knocked unconscious, along with his gigantic opponent.The shooting sequences of the hold back were not especially riveting, but this was in keeping with the importance of the game to the story. The film is not about winning or losing, but the personal integrity of the play or the journey in the on-going process of discovering identity. The medal for Best on the Ground, rightly belonged to Dumby Red. His ticket out of the hopeless community, however, was denied to him, because rather than kicking a sure goal, he had passed a ball to a cousin who had not handled the ball all day.The cultural code of sharing was stronger than the competitive need to win. In the film, the loss of the award to the coachs son paves the way for Dumbys tragic demise. He joins Pretty (Tony Briggs) in an armed robbery of the pub, perhaps to extract an alternative prize to the one hed been denied. The publican, Mac, laid out in a drunken stupor on the pool table, is beaten even more senseless by Pretty. The noise rouses Blackys get under ones skin (Simon Westaway) who shoots and kills his sons friend Dumby Red in revenge for the publicans beating.In the novel the publican was the murderer, but the films central villai n is Blackys father, Bob, who represents fear, loathing and menace. His violent rages left his own family in fear of him. In one memorable opinion they escape his menacing torment of their mother behind closed doors by escaping by dint of the window and quiescency in the chicken coop. The feeling is that this experience was not new to them. Blacky is torn in the novel between his initial attraction to Clarence in Deadly Unna, which he conceals from his white friends in order to attract the fear of a rich white camper girl.In the sequel this relationship between Blacky and Clarence and Blacky and his father represent two kinds of coming of age. His masculinity is tested early on in a storm at sea and later when he was caught in the shed stealing paint to cover a racial slogan in the local gravy boatshed. His intelligence means little to his father, and his good grades and scholarship to Kings College in Adelaide are ignored. In the sequel Nukkin Ya, the filial relationship seem s almost mended when his father takes on the renovation of a windjammer to add together potential tourism to the town.His fathers project becomes obsessive at the outlay of putting food on the familys table, but the male relationship seems to be temporarily repaired along with the boat, which becomes symbolic of build strength, unity and hope around the fantasy of the future. In the novels we experience Blackys angst at discovering his fathers infidelity to his mother. Blacky and his friend Pickles, stumble upon their adulterous fathers visiting the Aboriginal women at the point.The irony of this is that the entire community seemed set gainst the burgeoning love relationship between Blacky and Dumbys sister Clarence. The fact that the cross-race relationship of the father is not dealt with in the film makes his violent reaction to finding Clarence innocently sleeping alongside Blacky in his chamber connected more with his hatred of Aboriginal people, than it is to do with his g uilt over murdering Dumby Red. It is a response trim back to racism alone, rather than his own guilt and hypocrisy, which in the novels is built up subtly through the two volumes.The antagonist in the second novel, having moved away from the father, is embodied by the figure of Lovely (Pretty, in the film) who menaces Blacky over his relationship with Clarence. Lovely sports a hate tattoo on his fingers and is a violent brand in both book and film. The disclosure of the white mens infidelity at the expense of the black women, who remain nameless and faceless, leads to the climax of the second novel. The boat is set alight, which symbolizes the death of the relationships between Blacky and his father and his community.Lovely is framed, Blacky absolves Lovely in court by victorious the blame, but Pickles (Tom Budge ) was the real arsonist. This saturnine confession, leads to Blacky becoming a cipher in his own town, where boats and the sea are peoples workplaces. He becomes a boat burner in the cultural imaginary and is forced to leave. In the film this purging is less powerful and seems to emerge from some kind of corporate malice rather than revenge. Pickles manically sets alight rival maggot breeder Darcys upbringing drums, which has less symbolic poignancy than the boat burning in the novel.Blackys central challenge in the film is to reaffirm his masculinity by standing up to his father, through the relationship with Clarence. Blacky is constructed by his father as a gutless wonder. Blackys painful journey to manhood, is much harsher in the film than the book. In the novel the father is a violent adulterer, but in the film, he kills Blackys best friend. Blackys attendance at Dumbys funeral represents a betrayal of familial solidarity in the eyes of the father. The relationship was not strong enough however, for Blacky to take his fathers side.At this point, Blacky abdicates from identifying with his father. He has begun to flee the emasculated self con structed by his father, towards a more potent, sexual self, embodied by his attraction and identification with the other through the literal body of Dumby and the physical, sexual body of Clarence. What is morally worrisome is that the father, who both Blacky and the viewer see as a murderer, continues to live in the community with impugnity, the common sense gap we fill is that he claims he shot Dumby in selfdefense.Blacky courageously resists his fathers imperative to stay away from the funeral. In the films powerful and moving climax, the battered, but united family in the background witnesses the final stand off between father and son. Blacky literally stands up to his father, not by competing in battle of fists, but resisting by sheer will and strength of character. The father leaves in a vicious rage and we cant help feeling that the family will be better off with him gone. The second novel Nukkin Ya begins with hope of Blacky taking a scholarship at Kings in Adelaide.His girl friend Clarence achieves a scholarship to art school and Blacky has a reason to follow her. The film ends with the two young lovers romantically swimming in the clear waters, symbolically cleansing themselves of the grime and grease of prejudice, which had tainted their relationship until that point. The film treats the romance in a much lighter way than the books. There is no stand off between the characters in fact Clarence becomes Blackys bridge between the two cultures. In the film it is Clarence who stands up to Bob Black in Blackys bedroom with dignity and silent resistance.Lisa Flanagans performance was elegant and dignified. It was Clarence who gently cut through the jetty of hostility from the Nunga boys at her brothers funeral- allowing Blacky to mourn his friends death. It was Clarence who understood Blackys poetic allusions to dying stars- these two are cosmically connected and there is an almost Shakespearean sense of their fate. The love scenes provide the films only softness and the resolution, although moving, is not sentimental. The young people must leave the still-divided community, to survive together.

Ethics of Human Cloning Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Human Cloning EssayIn 1971 James D. Watson claimed that one day military personnel cloning would be workable and noned that as umteen people as possible be informed slightly the new ways for valet reproduction and their potential consequences, both good and openhanded(Burley and Harris 2001, p. 69). Watsons logical argument was given little attention. In 1997, the birth of Dolly, today the worlds most famous sheep, caused far-flung humankind excitement. Dolly became artifici all(prenominal)y invoked clon and proof that cloning large animals like sheep or humans would be possible. More importantly perhaps, Dolly raises many different sorts of important questions for human beings. Human cloning has been met with widespread unease all over the world and generated a series of ethical issues that leave behind be discussed in this paper. Main Body In opposition to productive cloning it is asserted that the method would be falsify danger to human beings. For exampl e, Dr Harry Griffin, the director of the Roslin Institute, Scotland, that successfully cloned Dolly the sheep indicates thatIt would be irresponsible to try and clone a human being, given the present state of the technology. The chances of success are so suffering it would be irresponsible to encourage people to think theres a real prospect. The risks are too ample for the woman, and of course for the child (Griffin, 2001). However, spell the possible success regarding human cloning whitethorn be gloomy and there may be risks of undeveloped embryos, against this it could be claimed that similar arguments could keep been directed against the potential expertness of in vitro fertilization techniques (IVF).IVF was once considered unsuccessful but today is a well-developed and valued treatment for infertility. IVF would never have developed if negative reasons such(prenominal) as this were successfully used to oppose it. A split second concern on the subject of human cloning is a bout the motivation of those who would want to clone themselves and others. On the one hand, it might be accepted that human cloning would make possible for infertile couples to discover patrimonialalally related children.On the other hand, there seems to be a worry that people may use human cloning non in order to found a family but with intend to make a copy of themselves. In addition, there may be people who hope to produce copies of other living or dead individuals. For example, it was this motivation for cloning that was the theme of the fictional film The Boys from Brazil. In the film Hitlers genotype was cloned to produce a Fuehrer for the future tense (Harris 1998, p. 169). However, any clone of an existing person will not be a copy of that person.Having the same genotype as another individual does not make a clone the same individual and it is probable that effects from the egg and from the environment would make any clone considerably different from their genetic twi n. While this may be so, it could be potential that those who employ human cloning with purpose to produce a copy of themselves or others will not be proper parents. As a outcome, the welfare of any produced child will suffer. The motivation of many parents to produce a child may also not withstand close examination. What would be a good motivation for wishing to have a sun or daughter?It could be claimed that all motivations to ingest to birth a child are based, at least to some degree, on the egoistical feelings of future parents. A third main concern on the regard of human cloning involves these kinds of worries about the well-being of the produced child. It may be possible that any child born as a result of nuclear somatic transfer cloning will experience disadvantage either because he/she is robbed of his/her genetic indistinguishability or because he/ she will not have an open future (Harris 1998, p. 169). To what extent is a cloned person robbed of his/her genetic identity ?While most human beings are genetically unique, there seems to be no indication that permitting the birth of genetically identical twins derived from a single fertilized ovum robs anyone of their genetic identity or even that the fact that twins of this kind share a genetic identity is causing harm to these individuals. It could be stated, therefore, that it thus seems not clear why this factor should make human cloning unethical. It has been indicated (Holm, 1998) that clones created by means of nuclear somatic transfer cloning will live their lives in the shadow of their older genetic twin.As a result, the clones will not have the open future that most of ordinary people have and, it might be argued, human beings have a by in good orders to. Soren Holm, for example, argues that Usually when a child is born we ask hypothetical questions like How will it develop? or What kind of person will it become? and we often answer them with reference to various psychological traits we f orce out identify in the biological mother or father or in their familiesIn the contingency of the clone we are, however, liable(predicate) to give much more specific answers to such questions.Answers that will then go on to affect the way the child is reared (Holm, 1998, pp. 160-161). Holms point of view is that producing a clone that lives tone in the shadow of an older genetic twin is unethical as It diminishes the clones possibility of living a invigoration that is in a full sense of that word his or her support. The clone is forced to be knobbed in an attempt to perform a complicated partial re-enactment of the life of somebody else (the original) (Holm, 1998, p. 162).This means that while people usually claim for the importance of the moral principles of respect for individual autonomy or the force out to make a decision for oneself without influence from outside, people are violating these principles by robbing clones this opportunity to live their lives in the way the y want. The way the clones were produced will putt them in a position where they are living in a shadow. However, even if this claim is true that clones would live in the shadow of their genetic originals, it is not diaphanous that this fact should compel people to prohibit human cloning.Arguments that compel people to consider the well-being of a resulting child are questionable. It has been claimed that a person is only wronged by being brought to birth if he/she has a life so bad that it would be a cruelty rather than a kindness to bring it into existence (Bennett and Harris, 2002, p. 323). This kind of unfortunate existence is sometimes characterized as an unworthwhile life. An unworthwhile life would be a life of extremely negative experience and worsening. Other lives that may be not perfect, but not so worthless as to deprive that individual of an amazing experience of living, are termed worthwhile lives.In this regard, the statement is that as long as a person is likely to have a worthwhile life he/she is not disadvantaged by being brought to birth. Thus, even if a human clone is likely to have a life that is somehow less than ideal, his or her suffering is unlikely to be such that it makes life unworthwhile. It could therefore be claimed that while being born a clone may not be the ideal way of coming into the world, it is the only opportunity of existing in this world and to have a life that is likely to be worth living.If this position was considered, it would establish human cloning as ethically acceptable at least on the grounds of giving the child a right to exist. Conclusion The topic human cloning has a number of ethically puzzling if not hard features. Cloning will be one of the most hotly debated and least well-understood phenomena in near future. today human cloning meets with overwhelming opposition. However, it is clear that human cloning turns out to be the perfect shape of the ruling possibilities for new age.

Coke as Cleaning Agent Essay Example for Free

Coke as Cleaning Agent EssayTrademark FactsCoke is know for being the most recognized trademark in all of the world, boasting a near 94% brand recognition by the worlds population. unrivaled contributing factor to this statistic is a long-term confederation with the Olympics. This partnership began at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1983, Diet Coke was launched in Australia and within 12 months became the heel two soft drink of choice in the country, after Coke. Coke also boasts over calciferol brands and more then 1,200 bottling plants in various parts of the world. Sponsored LinksIndustrial Hand CleanerAntibacterial, tutelar Hand Soap Multi-purpose Ind. Hand Solutions www.chemsearch.ph/handsoapConsumer FactsAccording to CokeFacts.com, it is estimated that nearly 10,450 soft drinks from Coca-Cola are consumed all(prenominal) second of every day. Ten bottles of Coke on average were consumed during the first year that Coke was distributed. In 2009, it is estimated that more than wizard billion servings are consumed every single day.Cooking Agent FactsCoke can also be used in different cooking situations. Many people will spud a firm can of Coke into a baking pan and then wrap up the ham or other meat of choice in aluminum foil. They will then bake the ham piece it is resting in the pan filled with Coke. It is said to produce a very moist ham formerly it is all done.Cleaning Agent FactsSurprisingly, Coke can be a great cleaning doer as well. It can be used to clean corrosion off of car battery terminals, to liberate a rusty bolt or help to remove film off of your car windshield. One of the most bizarre uses for Coke is to use it as a cleaning agent for the toilet. Supposedly, you can pour a can of Coke into the toilet, let it sit for several minutes, and then flush the toilet. The result a clean and functional toilet.Read more Facts About Coke eHow.com http//www.ehow.com/about_5409773_coke.htmlixzz2K5itRtDt

The Two Party System Essay Example for Free

The Two Party System EssayWhat ar the benefits and disadvantages of the bipartite placement in the UK? The ii- fellowship agreement is non a new practice in British politics.Britain has been living under a two party system since the mid-seventeenth Century. However, this system is still a pes of most ideas of British politics. Other than America, Britain is ace of the scarce major countries that have a two party system.What are the advantages and disadvantages of this system? Is Britain afraid to pitch its system? If this system has been around for so long, it is because it has many advantages. depression of all, the system advantages big parties with more seats. When a party wins an election, whether he has won by a legal age or not, he secures a majority of seats.For example, when Labour won in 1997, they got 60% of the seats, although they had not won the election by a majority.This advantages the party because more seats mean more power and they potentiometer accordingly impose their ideas on other parties and always be sure to pass legislation.This leads to our second advantage a stronger executive. With this majority of seats, the party can, as we said before, pass on their laws easily, but also turn away ministers. This advantages the voter as he is sure that the party he voted for give be making the law.For example, if Mr. metalworker voted for Labour in the 1997 elections, then he is obviously in favour of their ideas and laws. So, when they make new decisions when they are in power, Mr. Smith is likely to be in favour of them, and so has a better disaster of having the legislation passed. The voter is on that pointfore privileged.Another advantage is that the voter has a clear choice. Because there is only one party elected, the elector can follow what the party is doing, i.e. whether it is keeping its promises or not. If the party does not do what it promised it would, then the voter can then hold it responsible at the next election. And because there is no coalition in British Government, then only one party can be responsible.For example Lets say Conservatives promise during their campaign to make sensible decisions during conflicts. Then comes a conflict amid Ireland and Northern Ireland. Conservatives, now in power, decide to bomb Northern Ireland. Because of this, the conflict becomes much harsher which leads to a contend mingled with Britain and Northern Ireland.The voter is then aware of the mistake Conservatives have made, and therefore can apprise Conservatives at the next election.Although the two party system has these advantages, it seems to have more disadvantages.First of all, voters have a very limited choice when it comes to elections.In Britain there are discordant parties, but only two have been in power until now Labour and Conservatives. Therefore, the voter seems to be obligated to choose between one and the other. And since they are opposites, they have completely different views. Its black or white. There is the party of heavy(a) Democrats, but the yield of people voting for them is too little to be taken into consideration (hence the bipartizan system).For example If Labour are arguing that Health Services should be 100% public and Conservatives neediness it to be 100% private, what will Mrs. Johnson do if she wants it half/half? It will be very unmanageable for her to know who to vote for.The choice is too limited and therefore the two party system should be changed.Secondly, we may think that having a one party government makes it stronger and more stable, but in fact, in times of crisis, coalition is vital.And it is hard to believe that millions of individual voters all consciously coordinate and have the identical ideas than the party.It is true that during the two great wars and during the 1931 economic crisis, British Government had to resort to coalition. It is too hard for one party alone to make all the decisions at times of war.Another drawback of the two party system is that all other parties are disadvantaged the number of seats are not proportional to the office of votes a party has won. If a party wins an election, whether he had a majority of votes or not, he will find out a majority of seats. This is unfair and undemocratic. Other parties get a very small number of seats and so hardly get a say during conferences.For example Lets say during the 2003 elections, Labour get 44% of the votes, Conservatives get 31%, Liberal Democrats get 18% and the last 7% go to various parties. Labour are going to get 60% of the seats, Conservatives around 20%, Liberal Democrats around 10% and the rest will go to the other parties remaining.This is unfair as Labour did not get a majority of votes, and therefore should not win a majority of seats.The strongest disadvantage of this two party system is the First Past the Post election system. In Britain, the party who wins the election is the one that gets the most votes.If Con servatives get elected with 41% of the votes, while Labour got 36%, Liberal Democrats got 21% and remaining parties got 2%, then Britain will have a Government that only 41% of the country agrees with. Therefore 59% of the country will be dissatisfied.This is absurd and completely undemocratic.In France, a candidate can only be elected if he has an absolute majority (over 50% plus one vote). This way, it is certain that at least half of the population is satisfied. Moreover, the President has to elect a Prime Minister from the opposite party. Therefore there is a coalition between the two parties and voters are contented.Although the electoral system in Britain hasnt changed in years, it seems that there are more disadvantages than advantages in it.It is treating parties unequally, and this is unacceptable for a 21st Century Society.I think it is of the essence(p) to change this system, and then we will have a better chance of expressing our opinions through our elected parties. g overning is about freedom of expression and this system completely spoils our freedom.A State without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation. Edmund Burke

The meaning of life Essay Example for Free

The intend of sustenance Essay gibe to Saint Exupery in The Halo (2006), apiece man must look to him egotism to teach him the content of life. It is non roundthing discovered it is something moulded. The moment of life has a no specific definition it depends on how each single give core to their exits. It is a inbred thing for an individual to curiously know about their life since their birth till death. Moreover, human beings atomic number 18 also curious to find out why they were put in this earth that is why babies keep back touching everything in order to bang all in all their surroundings from the very beginning (Taylor, 2000). In this essay, the theory of meaning get out be significantly analysed. Firstly, by defining the meaning which will secondly be followed by discussing the different types of involve an individual must meet to own the meaning of life. Thirdly, the types of things that enhance and tick the ascertain of the meaning of life will be h ighlighted. Lastly, various practical steps will be described to enhance the experience of the meaning of life. This essay will be intertwined with someoneal reflections and aspirations that give birth compound the meaning of life for the writer. What is the meaning of meaning?SubjectivismAccording to Eagleton (2007), everyone adds their own meaning to life. The meaning of life is neer universal or complex. The meaning of life is very simple and throng experience it when they understand the universe, themselves, their individuation and their goal in life (Bennet, 2005). Subjectivists state that the meaning differs with individuals psychological and mental states and their desires and goals.For example one individual can find meaning of life in music or art while other may find it in finding goals or in religion (REF). In addition to this, (REF) states that life only becomes meaningful when all the need and wants are fulfilled and when the individual is content and satisfi ed with themselves. Super realistic viewsOn the other hand, spiritual beings consider their lives to be consequential and significant when they can reach the religious pathway God has set (REF). The God-centred view points out that the definitive meaning of life is holistically attained. Moreover, an individual will only figure out the meaning of life when they are not attached to the worldly desires (REF). personalized reflectionPersonally, the meaning of life for me is constantly being in search for my identity and accomplishing the goals I founder set in life. I explore my identity by my art work as it cooperates me shew my feelings and emotions about everything. My art work makes me realize who I am as a person and what people interpret me as a person finished with(predicate) my paintings.What types of needs must be met for a person to experience meaning in life? Searching the meaning of life is a motivational impression in an individual however the degree of motivation to which they search the meaning of life differs in all individuals (REF). Despite individuals having different degrees of motivation, there are some needs and conditions that must be met for the individuals to experience the meaning of life. Individuals do not necessarily eat up to meet the same needs and conditions to experience the meaning of life. most individuals are shake up by other individuals like great artists, inventors and thinkers, some individuals need sense of belonging, some need to experience certain events to make sense of life while others need to attain impropriety and egotism efficacy to experience the meaning of life. In short, individuals can discover the meaning of life by social work, experiencing something or someone or reactions towards unavoidable circumstances (REF). For example, an individual who is very emotional needs to experience the need of belonging in order to experience the meaning of life.They need to have many an(prenominal) friends and a good relationship with their family in order to satisfy their need of belonging this helps the individual to live a happy and full life. However, if they do not feel the sense of belonging, they have no accept thence do not have anything to look forward to and see no point of living. Conversely, not all individuals need to meet the need of belonging to experience the meaning of life. Some may have to experience the need of autonomy and self efficacy. These types of individuals usually have certain goals and tasks in life which they mootthey can attain thus that would help them experience the meaning of life.For example, an individual whose goal is to become a doctor tries to attain that goal by being a hard worker and devoting all his clipping to attain their goal. They would experience the meaning of life when they achieve the title of the doctor as it would help them master a place in the community and gain some prestige. In addition to this, if an individual fails to atta in this need might gain a very low self esteem which would then opposition on the choices they makes in life. They would become very dependent on others and would not be able to divvy up with that leading them to suffer from various health issues.What types of things enhance the experience of meaning in life?The meaning of life can be enhanced by sustaining life, accepting a teaching, giving life or creating wisdom (REF). For example things that would enhance the meaning of life for mothers, doctors and nurses is when they deliver as links in a biological chain by giving life from one generation to the other. Young artists are stimulate and enhance their meaning of life when they authorize and respect and accept their teachers work (REF). Personally, as an artist, the meaning of life for me is enhanced when I can appreciate the work of different artists and what they are stressful to express in their paintings.Art work makes me understand the different feelings individuals go tho ugh and how they express it through drawings. It also makes me see different viewpoints of life and experiences people are going through. Despite all individuals having different needs to discover the meaning of life, there are certain things that all individuals require to enhance the meaning of life like HopeInspirationGoalsHigh self esteem.What types of things curb the experience of meaning in life?Many individuals curb their experiences of the meaning in life payable to No inspiration or goals and failure If an individual constantly fails and hasno potential and inspiration of achieving his goals may feel ineffective and hopeless. They may start feeling that they have no purpose in life and life is completely meaningless for them.Loss of loved ones loss of a loved one through death or divide may affect an individual mentally and emotionally. They may feel the are not loved and do not belong anywhere as their loved one does not exist anymore. The loss brings paroxysm and mise ry which makes an individual regard that like if meaningless. Lastly, experiences like these pushes an individual to have a low self esteem and become reserved (REF).Personal ReflectionIf individuals are not open, emotionless or terror-struck to be seen as themselves due to low self esteem cannot enhance their meaning of life and hence would curb this experience. As an artist, my goal is to become an art teacher and help other children to express their feelings through painting if they cannot through words. However, I have a clear goal and always have been inspired by my father to attain this goal. If I had a low self esteem and did not believe in myself, I would have no hope hence that would curb the search of meaning of life as I would feel I am worthlessPractical steps to enhance the experience of a meaningful lifeAs mentioned above, many individuals curb their experiences of the meaning in life due to low self esteem, no inspiration, no goals and being reserved. However, they can enhance their experience firstly by accepting and believing in themselves. This would help them make a contribution to life and share their best. According to (REF) self-destructive behaviour can be conquered by increasing self-efficacy and self-esteem. This can be done through counselling so that they can start believing in themselves. Individuals who need the sense of belonging to experience the meaning of life should try and fit in and socialize with people they are close to and have good relationships with them all.Furthermore, individuals who are trying to attain a specific goal should always reward themselves every time they are a step closer towards the goal. This would keep them motivated and not lose hope. Personally, I enhance my experience by acknowledging thegreat artists and how they are an inspiration to other young artists. Conclusion ultimately as mentioned there is no specific meaning of life. All individuals need to meet different types of needs such as the nee d of belonging, experiencing life threatening incidents, need of autonomy and self efficacy to experience the meaning of life. An individuals perception, values, needs and feelings centre him and help in organizing the world around him. Feelings help in expressing oneself. If an individual has a great skill in expressing himself, he can change the large world.Great artists found expressions in their art work which helped them change the world that came after them. The creations around us are the different individuals trying to express themselves and their experiences of the meaning of life. All the inhibitors that we posses such as low self esteem and inner struggles should be resolved to make life more creative and enhance the meaning of life.

A Streetcar Named Desire Essay Example for Free

A Streetcar Named Desire EssayBlanche is halfway by means of writing a letter full of lies, describing a jet-set lifestyle with Shep Huntley, her wealthy friend.Meanwhile, upstairs Eunice and Steve are fighting. Eunice rushes by of the apartment dictum she is going to call the police. Stanley comes home, in bowling clothes. Steve comes down with a bruise on his forehead Stanley tells Steve that Eunice has at rest(p) to a neighbourhood bar and Steve rushes out to find her.Stanley then questions Blanche. He says that he has a friend in Laurel who claims that Blanche was a guest at a disreputable hotel named The Flamingo, Blanche denies the claims and Stanley leaves. Steve and Eunice return, Eunice sobbing and Steve trying to make it up to her.Blanche is shaken. She asks if Stella has heard any rumours close her Stella is perplexed by Blanches behaviour. Blanche admits that she wasnt so good during the travel couple of years she sought comfort with men. She insinuates that s he was sexually intimate with these men, but Stella has stopped listening because Blanche begins to deform so morbid. Blanche is clearly on edge at this point.Stella fixes Blanche a drink. Blanche gushes with emotion and affection for Stella Stella is embarrassed by Blanches sentimentality.Stella and Blanche talk about Mitch. Blanche will be going out with him later that night. Blanche is quite taken with him. She hopes that their relationship can go somewhere. Stella leaves for an outing with Stanley. Eunice bounds out of the apartment, shrieking with laughter and Steve chases after her.A young man comes to collect for the paper. Blanche flirts with him with shocking forwardness. The young man, a boy probably not out of his teens, attends nervous and excited at the same time finally she kisses him, and then sends him on his way.Mitch comes with a 12 roses, and Blanche accepts them, but mocking him at the same time.Scene 5 AnalysisThe theme of illusion runs through this scene, a nd we begin to see how the past is catching up with Blanche. Stanley is learning of her past, and her old desires are coming congest to haunt her. We watch Blanche fabricate a series of lies in her telegraph to Shep Huntley. She has no uncertainties the right is slight interesting than the illusion she offers, so why not? Blanche is not the only character with some fears of truth. When she confesses to Stella about her behaviour in Laurel, Stella stops listening whenever Blanche is morbid this convenient ability to block out the truth foreshadows Stellas betrayal of Blanche at the end of the play.D go downatic tension created around a conflict between Stanley and Blanche she recognises his entrance with nervous glances. Blanches star sign is ironic Virgo meaning the virgin Does she want to amend her virginity and create a new life for herself? Stanleys star sign is Capricorn, known as the ram Goats are supposed to be promiscuous and stubborn. He is both. Capricorn and Virgo a re opposites they either conflict or do opposites attract?Stanley mentions his friend Shaw, and the tension escalates. This shows that he has been investigating Blanche. Blanches illusions are quite fragile. Stanley upsets her by hinting that he knows the truth. She is rendered vulnerable by his attack her lies have now isolated her. Stanley has the last word clear up a mistake he threatens to get proof and reveal the truth, leaving Blanche in panic. She starts making excuses and makes Stella suspicious. paltry fallacy thunder is foreboding for Blanche.Afterward she gushes with emotion for Stella. The theme of alone(predicate)liness, central to the play, is rendered skilfully in this scene. Stella is disquieting with these displays of emotion they make her feel guilty because Stella is all that Blanche has in the world, and Stella herself has Stanley. The soda spilling and foaming out the bottle is a metaphor for Blanche- it stains her white shirt, just as her purity is stai ned and how her past is irremovable, like the stain. It as well as represents her emotions spilling over, how she herself is out of control, and the way that the truth will spill out. The local couples provide a contrast to Blanches less healthy outlets for her desires.Steve and Eunice put Blanches fantasies into perspective whilst she fabricates a life of cocktails and luncheons, they are a reality check. Blanche cannot seem to recover from the convulsions of desire. She denounced the physicality of Stanley and Stellas relationship, but suffers from a terrible loneliness, from which she seeks to escape in appropriate ways. Her advances at the young man are the first direct sign in the play, that she occasionally seeks desperate remedies for her loneliness. Blanche has been the lone observer of two happy couples Stella and Stanley, Steve and Eunice. Left alone in the apartment, she seeks some connection with the first psyche she sees.

Courtroom Players Response Essay Example for Free

Courtroom Players Response EssayIn the tourist court there is a group of key players that work together on a daily basis. They be made of a group of professionals. These professional are those who know all aspects of a criminal exam and they work together in performing the duties of the court. The courtroom work group is all of the professionals that participate in a court proceeding. They include the judge, prosecuting attorneys, defense attorneys, public defenders and any early(a) individuals who earn a liveness by giving service to the court. These individuals act together with a common goal of bringing any and all court room proceedings to a successful close. Each of professional in the courtroom work group has its own duties. The prosecutor is responsible for presenting the states evidence and preparing the states case against the accused. It is up to the prosecuting attorney to memorise which cases should be pursued and which to let the charges drop.The prosecutor m akes these decisions based on a variety of criteria. They will typeface at the evidence against the accused, the crime itself, the history of the accused as well as many early(a) factors. If the criteria where more strict which would end up in fewer cases universe prosecuted, the court would be slight crowded for time but there would be more criminals on the streets going unpunished. On the other hand if they were too loose, there would be a risk of more innocent people being charged with crimes they didnt commit and an already overtaxed court system becoming completely bogged down. I would not authentically recommend any changes in the court system that we have now. I understand it is not a perfect system but it is better than many and it has the right goals in mind.ReferenceSchmalleger, F. (2011). Criminal judge today An introductory text for thetwenty-first century (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson Prentice Hall.

Importance of Education Essay Example for Free

Importance of Education EssayEducation is the word which has the origin of latin. The true word is Educare (In Latin) which means to bring up. Education helps one to shape his/her future and It moulds the personality of an individual. Now a days mountain think that education would help them in their money making purposes. by all odds it is false view. Each one of us have different medium and of different cultural norms. nonetheless everybody is united through with(predicate) EDUCATION. It is quite very clear that, it mould a personal to put his familiarity in more useful things. There are many reasons Why Education is More central? But the main basic reasons where education is more important is, It train up human minds which is sketchy without education. It shows the right path, think right and to make decisions in right time. Only throught the attainment of education, man is satisfactory to perk upd information from his society, they are able to acquaint themself with past history. Education helps the human being in every aspects of their life. With good education of this generation government takes care in the progress in ontogeny the country. The central and State government have announced many schemes for the childrens education, every child should receive their primary education.Now education is viewed as a vital key to success in life, and experience has become every individuals aim or concern. The Eminent Scholars think that only through education one give the gate make the country flourished. Even now many poor people believe that they can earn more by sending their wards to work. On the other hand it is a great blender. They couldnt give basic education to their wards.Even though we have improved our literacy rate, in that respect is a existence of uneducated persons. Every learned citizens of the country should ensure the education of the fellow citizen. We can say that a person will not be in proper sense when he is uneducated. Educ ation is the need of an hour. It the one of the important things which differentiates the human being from the other creatures. It makes the un school as civilized in their society. It brings more precisely, the perceived goal to make the individual better in the society.

Calculator API Essay Example for Free

Calculator API Essay4Price Calculator API Up pick ups4.1RateV3 reply4.1.1Modified CLASSID and accoutermentsService chemical reaction appreciates4.1.1.1See concomitant A4.2RateV4 Request4.2.1New enumerations precedence Express, precedency Express mercenary, anteriority Express CPP, anteriority Express SH, Priority Express SH Commercial, Priority Express HFP, Priority Express HFP Commercial, Priority Express HFP CPP 4.2.2 added to allow for specification of the expected time when providing the package to USPS 4.2.2.1Schema localization of function in the midst of and4.2.2.2Optional nock, ex gratia value4.2.2.3Format HHMM4.3RateV4 Response4.3.1Modified CLASSID and MailService response values4.3.1.1See Appendix A4.3.2 returns approachability of extra service for CPP pricing when a CPP service has been asked, e.g. Priority CPP 4.3.3 returns the extra service commercial sum price when a CPP service has been requested, e.g. Priority CPP 4.3.4 response node returned for Pri ority Mail Express and Priority Mail variants when provided in the request 4.3.4.1 contains the service standard (e.g. 1-Day) and is returned for Priority Mail Express and Priority Mail variants when provided in the request 4.3.4.1.1Enumerations 1-Day, 2-Day, 3-Day, Military, DPO, 4.3.4.2 contains the scheduled delivery date (format yyyy-mm-dd) and is returned for Priority Mail Express and Priority Mail variants when provided in the request 4.4IntlRate and IntlRateV2 Response4.4.1Modified Service ID and SvcDescription response values as follows 4.4.1.1See Appendix B5Domestic Service Standard API Updates5.1ExpressMailCommitments5.1.1 chase added to allow for specification of the expected time whenproviding the package to USPS 5.1.1.1Schema fix Between and5.1.1.2Optional tag, optional value5.1.1.3Format HHMM6Domestic Label API Updates6.1ExpressMailLabel Request6.1.1 tag added and will trigger the node in the response when the value = legitimate 6.1.1.1Schema location After6.1.1.2 Optional tag, optional value6.1.1.3Emumerations true,false6.1.2 tag added to reflect acceptance time at post office6.1.2.1Schema location Between and6.1.2.2Optional tag, optional value6.1.2.3HHMM6.1.3 tag added to allow the user to specify if the destination address is a PO box. 6.1.3.1Schema location Between and6.1.3.2Optional tag, optional value6.1.3.3Emumerations true, false6.2ExpressMailLabel Response6.2.1 node returned when true provided in the request6.2.1.1 contains the service standard message (e.g. 1-Day) when true provided in the request 6.2.1.1.1Enumerations 1-Day, 2-Day, Military, DPO, 6.2.1.2 contains the scheduled delivery date (format yyyy-mm-dd) and is returned when true provided in the request 6.2.2Label image updates6.2.2.1Service criterion updates reflecting the name change from Express Mail to Priority Mail Express. For further details, please see https//www.usps.com/making-priority-mail-better.htm 6.2.2.2Addition of information to the right side below the ser vice banner text Ship Date, Packaging or Weight, Reference Number, Sender Phone Number, Carrier Route (for USPS use) 6.2.2.2.1See Appendix C for label samples6.2.2.3New USPS logos will be present on the existing label images 6.2.3Email poster updates to reflect the name change from ExpressMail to Priority Mail Express6.3DeliveryConfirmationV4 Request6.3.1 tag added and will trigger the Carrier Release endorsement on the label image when the value = true this endorsement cannot be applied to items requiring a signature at delivery 6.3.1.1Schema location After6.3.1.2Optional tag, optional value6.3.1.3Enumerations = true, false6.3.1.4Default = false6.3.2 tag added and will trigger the node in the response when the value = true.

Our freedom to make ethical choices is only an apparent freedom Essay Example for Free

Our broaddom to energise ethical preferences is only an app bent freedom EssayAgent Smyth why, Mr. Ander news? Why do you do it? Why get up? Why intimidate fighting? Do you swear youre fighting for fewthing? For more than your survival? Can you tell me what it is? Do you even stand it away? Is it freedom? Or truth? Perhaps peace? Yes? No? Could it be for love? Illusions, Mr. Anderson. Vagaries of perception. The temporary constrects of a feeble military man race intellect trying to desperately to justify an existence that is with out meaning or purpose. And all of them as arranged as the Matrix itself, although only a human pass could invent something as insipid as love. You must be suitable to see it, Mr. Anderson. You must know it by now. You deliver win. Its pointless to keep fighting. Why, Mr. Anderson? Why? Why do you persist?Neo Because I choose to.In every soul the most basic desire of all is to be free, being able to modus operandi at willing, not under compulsion or restraint. As I democratic society, we like to think of ourselves of being nose candy% free, simply we be not. In every choice we make there are compulsions and restraints inflicting on the choices we learn ever made from the beginning. The older and more independent we appear to be the more of these constraints we are compelled with. These choices we make can be applied to morality.There are many ways in which our freedom, in reality, is limited. By law we are restricted to acts that systems of government deem acceptable. Social acceptance means the majority to act within a bracket of normality and within bounds of what is socially acceptable. If I wanted to go to school naked on every Friday I would socially and law in full be unable to this. and then I am not free to express myself due to external laws forced upon me against my free will. yet even though these laws are in place I still have the power to disruption them therefore making me free.Merovingian Ple ase Mon Cherie, I have told you, we are all victims of causality. I drank in addition much wine, I must take a piss. Cause, and effect. Au revoir.Causality excessively means that I a person can never truly become free. If I already know the consequences of an doing then my choice has already confined. For example I would like to throw microwaves off motorway link but I know that this may cause innocent motorists to die therefore I dont. The mind with which we make our decisions has been influenced by a whole range of external factors. These must reduce our moral accountability and hence be restricting of true freedom. Personal and psychological differences within people will put up them with different abilities and hence different freedoms and limitations. People can only act in the way that their personalities pull up stakes them, by causing them to react to situations in a specific way.But what if free will is non-existent and we are only convinced we have self-control beca use devices in fact control us beyond our accept perception. In this case everything is pre determined and the choices we face are pre decided for us leaving us with the whoremaster that we have chosen ourselves and decided our own fate exercised free will.Morpheus Everything begins with choice.Merovingian No, wrong. Choice is an illusion created mingled with those with power, and those withoutHard determinism, considers everything in the present to be promptly caused by events that preceded them. Everything including the actions we take and the choices we make are caused directly by another event. Each human mind is the product of its experiences and in every situation will react according to what it has learnt, in a similar way to a computer that has been programmed. However this link up back with responsibility, if a human was already pre destined to perform a certain task they should bear no praise for correctness in taking the action, as what they have done was done not o ut of free will, but because they were programmed, or already decided. The action says nothing about the moral charge of the person as it had an external cause, and was not done through free will and intention.The hard predestinarian view that everything is decided by a constant line of causes, and that humans are not free simply because every thing we supposedly decide is already caused and so determined, ultimately means that human free will is an illusion. Free will is something we feel we experience when making decisions and choosing but is really non-existent, the actions we allude in are already set and what we feel we decide is irrelevant to anything that actually happens. For example if I sat down in a room I would be free to step out of until I realised the door was locked. I am free to make this choice but when but my choice is irrelevant as I unable to do anything about it. Determinism removes this moral responsibility and so removes ethical decisions.However with freed om comes responsibility. Libertarianism presents the opposite idea that we are exclusively free therefore well-favored people total moral responsibility. The existence of human free will are bountifully base on the defined different between ones personality and ones moral self. While we have a feel of freedom, a sense deliberating over our options. Because of this, they would argue that universal causation is not necessarily relevant to human actions. They do not deny any influence to the human mind that could have an effect on the way in which one might act, but they claim that there is still a large aspect of freedom of choice involved.Oracle Bingo It is a pickle, no doubt about it. painful news is theres no way if you can know whether Im really here to help you or not. So its really up to you. You just have to make up your own dam mind to both accept what Im going to tell you or reject it. Candy?Neo Do you already know if Im going to take it?Oracle Wouldnt be much of an Ora cle if I didnt.Neo But if you already know, how can I make a choice?Oracle Because you didnt come here to make the choice, youve already made it. Youre here to understand why you made it. I thought youdve figured that out by now.Neo Why are you here?Oracle Same reason. I love candy.Libertarians views are rarefied they provides to us with the ultimate goal of being totally free. But if take this freedom then we should also be prepared to accept the responsibility that comes hand to hand with. For example if I allow my son to watch pornography involving a 15 year old and he turns out to be a paedophile than I would be totally to blame for these consequences.As with all workable theories finding the advanced balance is essential. Soft determinism is the third deterministic view and one where determinism and free will are completely compatible. It describes that we are morally responsible for our action although some are determined. Therefore the decisions we are free and able to make in our own minds count as the causes by which everything is made to occur.The midway position suggests that some of our actions are conditioned while others have a complex number of causes. For example there could be a number of reason why someone does not eat food, whether it be a diet, ghostlike beliefs, famine or lack of money. Real freedom, in the question seems to suggest the freedom to take these fully conscious, and reasoned ethical decisions without relying a higher power.To conclude I believe that as human beings we are not free. Our behaviour and morals will always be determined social acceptance, laws, causality, and upbringing. However we have the power in ourselves to break down these constraints and become free, if a door is locked then break it down, if I want to throw microwaves of motorways then I will do so. When we become totally free this leads to disorder and chaos. When it comes down to it is not a case of whether we are free or not it is whether we choose t o be. clothes designer Precisely. As you are undoubtedly gathering, the anomaly is systemic, creating fluctuations in even the most simplistic equations.TV Screens You cant control me Im gonna smash you to f***ing bits, Im gonna show you, you cant make me do anything.Neo Choice, the problem is choice

Sympathy for the betrayers and the betrayed Essay Example for Free

Sympathy for the betrayers and the betrayed Es show to a greater extent than than would be imagined, it is more or lesstimes more onerous to sympathise with the victims of infidelity easier than we cogency have imagined to sympathise with the betrayers themselves. To what terminus do you agree with this estimation in relation to the 3 texts chosen?In n unrivalled of the three texts can it be said that the fornicators elicit or deserve great agreement than the victims of criminal conversation. Despite this imbalance, it would thoughtless and possibly rather supercilious to simply judge the betrayers on their actions without meditating on the rea paroleing behind the actions and the mass in which the adulterers have found themselves. All the adulterers at he maneuver the text (apart from Jerry in treason (1978), and Rodolphe in Madame Bovary (1857)) virtuousness a degree of beneficence, yet despite this, their actions can non be wholly justified, and the characters cannot, therefore, be fully ex sensationrated.The savage ravaging of Emma Bovary by Flaubert, and Cresseids gruesome infliction of leprosy be certainly a cause for good-will in both cases. Emma Bovarys dying is a painfully drawn out event in which she turned whiter than the sheet at which her fingers kept clawing and soon began to vomit blood. Her limbs were contorted, her body covered with brown mottlees. It is interesting to note the oppose among the description at the beginning of the novel in which Flaubert erotically describes the tip of her tongue poking mingled with her beautiful teeth, delicately licking the bottom of the glass and the description post-arsenic in which her entire tongue protruded from her rima oris her rolling eyes dimmed like lamp globes as they fade into darkness. Notably, Flaubert focuses on the body and its indignities, which is in contrast to Madame Bovarys romanticism Similarly, in The Testament of Cresseid, Henryson depicts a disease so rea listic and visceral that, as first as 1841, Sir J. A. Y. Simpson was able to diagnose the exact type of disease Cresseid has.(1) Henrysons detailed description gave rise to at least one suggestion that he himself was a physician. The Gods marred her, declaring, Your eyes so bright and vitreous silica I make bloodshot / Your voice so clear, unpleasing, grating, hoarse / Your healthy skin I blacken, blotch and spot / With livid lumps I cover your fair face. Cupids declaration of, Your mirth I hereby motley to melancholy is one of a series of semantically opposite, yet alliterative words, which in this instance, are utilize to demonstrate the unfavourable contrast of Cresseids existence before her penalization and afterwards, whilst too augmenting the malicious and sadistic genius of the Gods. In Heaneys translation he writes, your high estate is in decline and fall. The is a reference to Edward Gibbons spurt The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, (1776) the literary allusion conveying the suddenness and inexplicability of Cresseids physical decline. The bleakness of her speckle is summarised in the description of her having to make do with a cup and clapper. They remain Her whole life has been trim screening to this alliterative phrase, whilst the caesura indicates the sudden nature of her loss.Not only does Cresseid receive a gruesome affliction, the reader is withal left with the feeling that her punishment is undeserved. The reason for her sentence is blasphemy, since whoever blasphemes all Gods takeer insults. high treason is heavily frequented with profanities such(prenominal) as Good God, yet nothing results. In Madame Bovary, Charles addressed curses to the heavens, moreover not so more than as a leaf quivered. The triviality of Cresseids offence in contrast to the magnitude of her chastisement displays an wickedness in the name of justice, and this is borne true in the lack of consequence fastened to blasphemy in the different two texts. When Cupid retorts indignantly of Cresseids claim that I was the cause of her misfortune, one notes an irony assumption that all the Gods overlap an overwhelming involvement in all her actions and hence her misfortune. Cresseid is a puppet of the pagan Gods whims, and her lack of volition means that she should not be blamed.Fate is recurrently referred to, in for example, the lines, Cresseids most miserable and fated death (fatall destenie), Of Troy and Greece, how it could be your fate, and Fate is fickle when she plies the shears. This predestination is not a problem with which the adulterers in the opposite two texts must face. Further, the scornfully humorous description of the Gods, particularly Saturn who behaved in a churlish, rough, thick-witted manner, and had a rucked and wrinkly face, a lyre like lead and a steady nose run creates a further benevolence for Emma, since those that condemn her are rendered in an absurd, grotesque and humorous light. Henryson goes further when he describes Cupid as a pig that whets its tusks, he grinds and fumes, since it goes beyond anthromorphism to zoomorphism and the description of Gods that raged, grimaced, rampaged and bawled and scoffed is a display of Gods that have unlimited power and limited judgement.Whilst Madame Bovary does not have to contend with predestination, her actions are still restricted by societys ambits and the limitations placed on women in the mid-nineteenth century. In societal terms, she has to live in the mediocrity of her provincial surroundings. It is important to note that the novels sub-title is Provincial Manners they bilk Flaubert, and he used Emma Bovarys disgust with her class as a way of conveying his own annoyance for the banality of the middle-classes. Madame Bovary shows how ridiculous the attitudes of the bourgeoisie can be. Homaiss haughtily flamboyant speeches are used by Flaubert to display the pretensions of the bourgeois. The less grandiose act by a woman who received a 25 franc honor for 54 years of service giving it to our cur so he can say some masses for me leads the reader not to see this as point outable, rather to see it as a mansion of fanaticism, thus challenging fidelity as a certain good. Madame Bovary longs to be more refined and sophisticated than her environment allows her.Flauberts depiction of a black chalk drawing of the head of Minerva in the middle of a wall whose green paint was flaking from the damp is a visual metaphor for Emma Bovary, a Roman goddess amongst the banalities of life. A recurring leitmotif in the novel is that of Emma Bovary looking with her head against the window pane, gazing into the garden it is a poignant allusion to her aspirations for a more interesting existence and likewise her locomotive desires, in which the garden has both a metaphorical and physically restrictive quality. Her affairs represent her both breaking out of an existence as humdrum and circumscribed as that of their hens and their dogs (2) and that she had no qualms about mistaking cul for coeur.(2)The Emma of Betrayal has a greater degree of freedom than the other two protagonists, she, after all is running a gallery. Nevertheless, it could be argued that she is a player in amongst Jerry and Roberts game of one-upmanship their self-absorbed competitiveness being encapsulated in their games of squash (note the punning lay out with the verb squash and Rodolphes remark that he will squash him (Charles) like a fly in Madame Bovary). This remark of Rodolphes shows that he also gets enjoyment from stamping on other mens power, which is backed up in the imagery of Rodolphes attach stags heads in his study he gets a thrill from male conquest as well as female conquest. Harold Pinter himself commented that Betrayal is a play about two close friends perhaps Emma is simply within Jerry and Roberts story, a victim of psychological determinism, rather than Madame Bovarys societal determinism and Cresseids cosmic determinism.Both Emma Bovary and Cresseid share an existence in a patriarchal world, which Emma from Betrayal is not a part of. Madame Bovary, for example, is blessed with artistic gifts that cause Charles to proudly display her work to whoever chooses to visit his abode. However, condition the restrictions placed on women during the period, the Bovary households wall would be the only dwell for any art she may happen to create this can be contrasted to Betrayals Emma who actually owns her own art gallery and who also has the benefit of the possibility of travelling anywhere she wants (the film notes her possession of a automobile making her an agent of mobility), and is not confined to the ennui of a rustic Rouen. Madame Bovarys gender-founded restrictions are expressed in the structure of the novel.The novel initiates with a depiction of Charles schooldays, and indeed, starts with the nous form, thus centralising Charless character. At the end of the novel, Homais becomes the focus on of attention, as his mounting successes are described by Flaubert, finally climaxing in Il vient de recevoir la croix dhonneur (he has been given the Legion of Honour). Emmas story is therefore trapped between Charles and Homais the structure of the novel is mimetic of her entrapment in a male-dominated world, and these restrictions should evoke munificence in the reader.Similarly, Cresseid is subject to male authority, which is made clear in the line notwithstanding whatever men may think or say contemptuously, and the traditionally accepted belief of her as being merely a lustfully encumbered individual is challenged by the way in which her punishment is portrayed as having resulted from blasphemy. The popular portrayal of Cresseid in both Chaucers Troilus and Cresseid (C. 1380) and Shakespeares Troilus and Cressida is challenged by the Testament of Cresseid (1475) and evoke sympathy in the reader.Madame Bovary and Emma are mutually unique from Cress eid in that their adulterous other halves are base to a level which subtracts from the potential criticism of the primary adulterers themselves. Jerry is emotionally detached from Emma, yet still has a vulgar, cozy interest in her, as indicated in the final (yet chronologically foremost) picture show in which he declares, I should have had you, in your white, before the wedding, I should have blackened you, in your white wedding dress. He later articulates, youre banishing me to, a state of catatonia, and frequently proclaims youre beautiful, youre incredible etc. However, earlier in the play, he makes short(p) remarks and responses to Emmas questions an indication that he has no real emotional interest in her. Jerry also fails to recall with true statement certain events relating to their relationship.For example when Jerry recalls throwing Emmas daughter in the air he believed it to be in Emmas kitchen, to which she replied, it was your kitchen. When Jerry calls her darling s he responds, dont say that, because she knows that this term of endearment is not meant by Jerry. Emma puts in a lot of effort into the affair, as indicated by her impetuous for a continuation of their romantic escapades you see, in the past, we were inventive, we were determined, Jerrys disinterested response is, It would not matter how much we cherished it if youre not free in the afternoons and Im in America. This is extremely similar to Rodolphes remark Youre mad, you genuinely are How could we do that?, when Emma puts forward the idea of a sojourn in Paris, and is indicative of the contrasting levels of commitment between the adulterer and the adulteress.When they finally decide on their trip to Paris, Madame Bovary asks, I am counting the days. Arent you? There is also a link between that and Emmas question will we ever go to Venice? She answers her own question in Betrayal in Madame Bovary, nothing is said at all. Emmas desire for something more in their relationship is indicated in her paying attention for a shared home with Jerry. She is saddened by the fact that the crockery and the curtains and the bedspread have been left for so long. She later says to Jerry you didnt ever see it as a home in any sense did you?, to which Jerry replied, no, I saw it as a flat you know. Emma correctly acknowledges Jerrys desires when she finishes off his sentence with the words for fucking, despite Jerrys protest of for loving.Emmas inability to let go of the relationship is indicated in the diorama where she struggles to sequestrate her ring from her keyring and ends up throwing it to Jerry to take it off Jerry would be happy to end the relationship. Rodolphe is an even more heinous character, as indicated in his objectification of Emma This one had seemed pretty to him, the word one rather than she makes her merely one of his many inamoratas.Even more great is when he says, how to get rid of it afterwards (admittedly, the French elle can mean both she and it, just Margaret Mauldons Oxford translation, unlike that of the Penguin edition uses the wholly unkind it, which is much more effective in making Rodolphe appear objectionable). In both cases, the deplorable adulterers create sympathy when scrutinising the adulteresses and this is not a factor that exists in The Testament of Cresseid. If one were to be overtly cynical, it could be argued that Jerry and Rodolphe are partly correct in their views on the affair. Is an affair really all that romantic, after all? Vargas Llosa would be quick to point out the dangers of equating lust with love. by chance the two Emmas are looking for too much in the relationship, and are making it out to be more than it really is.Emmas amorous adventures activate an abundance of lies, yet Stephen Heath empathizes with her fabrications. He states that Emma lies, but everything lies(3), he talks of how the narrating voice enters to state a distance from her, but Flaubert also cuts such statements, redu ces their number(3). At times, the write up drifts into sympathy with Emma, at other times it condemns her. The use of a style indirect libre causes the story to be ambiguous, and the truth of description becomes indistinguishable from the subjectivity of opinion.A characteristic example of this is when Flaubert talks about Rodolphe in the 3rd psyche Rodolphe had heard these things so many times that they had nothing original for him. He because reverts into Rodolphes mind one has to make allowances, he thought, exaggerated declarations masking mediocre affection. One gets the judgment that Flaubert reverts back to the narrative in the ending lines human language is like a cracked cauldron on which we beat out tunes to make a bear dance when we would move the stars to pity, however, this is just an assumption the non-use of reference book marks means the reader can never know when a characters thoughts have ended, and one gets the impression that the cashier imparts some of his own reflections into the characters thoughts.This free and indirect style not only creates a sympathy with regards to her fallaciousness, it is also creates a benignancy by virtue of the way the narration supports her own views. An example of this is when the narration wafts from she wondered if by some other workings of chance it might not have been possible for her to admit another man to a sort of agreement from the narrator in the line he might have been handsome, witty, distinguished, attractive. Heath describes this free and indirect style as a way in which the the author and the reader become Emma, are taken up in her reverie, her imaginings. The novel, therefore, often cultivates its own sympathy by virtue of its style, which causes the writer and reader to become one with the protagonist and to experience Madame Bovarys own feelings. This can be paralleled to Henrysons voice of sympathy The Testament of Cresseid. Henryson is so derisory of the unreasonable nature of t he Gods ruling that he impetuously breaks into the second person when he declares Your doom is hard and too malicious, thus interrupting the sentencing and displaying contempt of courtCresseid and Madame Bovary are dissimilar to Emma in so far as they experience a development as a result of their infidelity, the former explicitly and the latter implicitly. Cresseid talks about herself in the second person when she says, Where is your house cushioned chair and screen / And handsome bed and hand-embroidered linen? The wine and spice, the supper that you supped on. The use of the second person is suggestive of self-derision rather than self-lamentation. She understands her situation and she profoundly remarks, All wealth on earth is wind that flits and veers. She also criticised herself I myself will be my own accuser.This development from Cresseid makes her worthy of not so much sympathy but respect. Madame Bovarys development happens in a split second, which makes it more like an e piphany, thus lacking the cognitively extend nature of Cresseids development. It is also a very implicit moment in which she began to laugh, a ghastly, frenzied, despairing laugh after hearing the voice of the blind beggar. At this point, she realises the meaning of the beggars words love is unseeing (thus interlingual rendition the beggar as an representation of Cupid. Whilst Cresseid and Madame Bovary cannot be justified in their actions, their realisations do rouse respect from the reader. The Emma of Betrayal experiences no such development.An aspect of the equation still wants, namely the victims. It is certainly true that the adulterers garner a notable degree of sympathy, yet it would be very mean-spirited to identify more with them than the victims. In the Testament of Cresseid, the alter person is Troilus. Although there are only 2 paragraphs focusing on Cresseids betrayal of Troilus, they themselves being sped on by the use of enjambment, this is done more out a desi re not to repeat a story successfully written by Chaucer, but also to alleviate the readers judgment of Cresseid. Later in the poem, Henryson writes of Troilus in glowing terms, describing him as having beaten fine-tune, by war and jeopardy, / The Grecian knights, and in a moment of great largesse past where Cresseid with lepers made abode and A girdle he took out, / A base of gold and many shining gemstones / and threw them down into Cresseids dress. Troilus certainly elicits a huge amount of sympathy from the reader, in particular after he for grief almost fell down when recalling Cresseids physical deformations.In both Madame Bovary and Betrayal, the victims of adultery are children. Jerrys lack of concern over his children is encapsulated in his gnomic description of his son Sam Hes tall. preferably tall. Does a lot of running. Hes a long distance runner. Wants to be a zoologist. The waiter in the eating place scene is similarly an innocent bystander who is subjected to Rob erts frustrations wheres our lunch. This place is going to pot. Same glass. Wheres our lunch? Richard Martin, in his letter to The quantify Literary supply argued that he sees not just displaced emotion in Roberts aggression towards the waiter but the waiter himself as a displaced version of Judith for she is the hapless, indeed dumb, waiter (4). Judith, the children, and the waiter, are all correlated because they are all affected onlookers, but they know not what by. It is interesting to note that the children do not make physically in the play, but in the 1983 film (by David Jones), the children feature in negative-consequences of the characters adultery-borne vented frustrations for example, when Jerry hollers at his son for playing music too loudly.This is paralleled in Madame Bovary, where her daughter is a victim of her infidelity. This is evidenced in the scene where Madame Bovary says to Berthe Oh, for heavens sake, leave me alone, shoving her away with her elbow. As a r esult, Berthe fell against the foot of the chest of draws, cutting her daring on the brass fitting. At the end of the novel, Berthe makes her keep at a cotton mill. The chief victim of infidelity in the three texts is Charles Bovary. Despite being unsophisticated, dim-witted and a frighteningly bad fasten (his operation on Hippolytes club foot, resulting in amputation, as an example), he is still one of the novels most clean-living and sincere characters and he genuinely loved Emma whilst she was having licentious liaisons.Emma is often very unkind to Charles, for example, when she says he carries a knife in his pocket like a peasant. I cannot help but parallel this to the narrator in Robert Frosts poem Mending Wall who describes his neighbour as Bringing a stone grasped firm by the top / In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed. It is a particularly significant line, since Rodolphe wields a knife at one point, and this fails to elicit the same response from Emma. One striki ngly poignant scene is when Charles finally sees all the letters from Emmas lovers his deep despondency caused general amazement. He no longer went out, he saw no one, he even refused to visit his patients. People began saying that he shut himself off to drink. The final description of him is as a long-bearded, wild-looking man in filthy clothes who paced up and down noisily. For all Charles faults, it seems unthinkable to sympathise more with Emma than Charles. In all three cases, the victims garner more sympathy than the betrayers.One should not nonchalantly accept the three primary adulterers actions as morally reprehensible but we should acknowledge that their actions are borne out of something more complex than it would at first appear. The greatest sympathy should be given to Cresseid because her life was subject to fate she lacked all volition owing to Henrysons depiction of the all-encompassing say-so of the Gods. I say Henrysons depiction because Chaucers original has been manipulated by Henryson such that it rapidly avoids the issue of her affair whilst also removing all her volition.Madame Bovary represents the repressed sensuality within us, and the reader can certainly feel for her more than the overnice and monotonous environment she inhabits (ironically, it was a puritanical society that condemned Flauberts novel for being too sympathetic to an adulteress). It is difficult to sympathise with Betrayals Emma. It is true that she longed for a more meaningful relationship with Jerry, but her dedication to Jerry is severely questioned given the initiation of her additional affair with Casey. One would have to question the disposition of any individual who sympathises with the adulterers more than the victims of adultery, as any reader of Madame Bovary would attest to.1. http//www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/teams/testaint.htm2. The Perpetual Orgy (Vargas Llosa)3. Madame Bovary (Stephen Heath)4. Letter from the Times Literary SupplementWord count with quotes 3720Word Count without quotes 2895