The Determinant Factor Of Intrinsic And Extrinsic Aging Essay

Is Aquaporin-3 a Determinant Factor of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aging? An Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Study Iman Seleit, MD,* Ola A. Bakry, MD,* Hala S. El Rebey, MD,w Gehan El-Akabawy, MD,z and Gehan Hamza, MSc* Abstract: Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is an aquaglyceroporin that plays a role in skin hydration, cell proliferation, and migration. The aim of this work was to investigate the expression of AQP3 in sun-exposed and sun-protected human skin from different age groups to understand the relationship between AQP3 and skin aging. Using standard immunohistochemical techniques, sunexposed and sun-protected skin biopsies were taken from 60 normal individuals. AQP3 was expressed in the basal and the suprabasal layers, sparing the stratum corneum, in all specimens. Dermal expression was detected in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and adnexa. Sun-protected skin showed a significantly higher epidermal H-score and percentage of expression (P=0.002 and 0.001) were significantly associated with the age group (20 to 35 y) in sun-exposed skin. C, A higher H-score was significantly associated with the age group (20 to 35 y) in sun-protected skin (P 0.001). D, Comparison between the immunohistochemical expression of AQP3 in sun-exposed and sunprotected skin in different age groups. A higher percentage of expression was significantly associated with sun-protected skin in the age group of 20 to 35 years (P = 0.03), in the age group of 35 to 50 years (P = 0.007), and in the age groupShow MoreRelatedDefining Motivation : Well Known And Unsolved3147 Words   |  13 Pages2008). The nature of motivation has traditionally been separated into two qualitatively distinct forms: a) intrinsic interest and; b) extrinsic motivation (Deci Ryan, 1985). This assumption has served as the foundation of many psychological theories and experiments. Yet, when this same concept is viewed from a neurological standpoint, there is evidence to suggest that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations activate the same areas in the striatum that are associated with rewards, implying that theyRead MoreJob Satisfaction and Employee Motivation4960 Words   |  20 Pagesliterature review and also analyse key motivational factors associated with our empirical case. This would lead to my conclusion and recommendation on how to effectively motivate employee to increase productivity and performance. A Review on Motivation and its theories Work motivation and employee satisfaction plays a more central role in the field of management theoretically and practically and it is indeed one of the most important factors affecting employee behaviour and performance. ManagersRead MorePersonality Development4478 Words   |  18 Pagesflexible, but it is rigid i.e. unalterable in adults (1).   Personality and its development are under influence of some determinants.   Environment is considered the major extrinsic one (2).   Cultural, racial, socioeconomic, educational, social guidance and health conditions could be environmental factors playing   a critical role in personality development (3).   The intrinsic factors could be biological drives,   such as the homeostatic, sexual, defensive and assimilatory drives, and hereditary temperamentalRead MoreConsumer Behavior Process2062 Words   |  8 Pagesworm infestations in the product. This directly affected sales which fell by 30% (Vivek, 2004). According to (Nelson, 1970), consumers are most likely to derive quality or safety perceptions from other product cues, either intrinsic (e.g., appearance of the product) or extrinsic cues (e.g., a quality label). In the case of Cadbury, the most effective action that was taken post the reporting of the worm infestation in the chocolate was the roping in of Amitabh Bachchan, the famous Indian movie actorRead MorePsychology14463 Words   |  58 Pagesthe combination of autonomy and competence was found to underlie intrinsic motivation (Deci, 1975) and both generated merged with a considerable amount of research on the nature of competence motivation (Boggiano Pittman, 1992; Elliot Dweck, 2005). Research combining the individual difference approach to achievement motivation (e.g., McClelland Watson, 1973) with an experimental approach to research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivational orientations (e.g., Pittman, Boggiano, Ruble, 1983)Read MoreThe Relationship Between Job Satisfa ction and Absenteeism in a Selected Field Services Section Within an Electricity Utility in the Western Cape31415 Words   |  126 Pagesbeing given to reduce workplace absenteeism and its cost. Most research has concluded that absence is a complex variable and that it is influenced by multiple causes, both personal and organisational. Job satisfaction has been noted as one of the factors influencing an employee’s motivation to attend. Studies on the relationship between absenteeism and job satisfaction seem to be inconsistent. Some research has found no correlation between these two variables whereas other studies indicate a weakRead MoreArticle: Performance Appraisal and Performance Management35812 Words   |  144 Pagesobservation scales (BOS), behavioural evaluation scales (BES), critical incident, and job simulation. All these judgments were used to determine the specific levels of performance criteria to specific issues such as customer service and rated in factors such as â€Å"excellent†, â€Å"average†, â€Å"need to improve† or â€Å"poor†. Post-1945 developed into the results-oriented approaches and led to the development of management by objectives (MBO) (Prowse Prowse, 2009). In the 1960s the development of self-appraisalRead MoreThe Research of Wechat8259 Words   |  34 Pagesestimates of usefulness, complexity, social norm and desirability are constant with previous studies and are proved to have significant effect on user intention but compatibility has no significant influence toward user intention. As four of our five factors are proved to be statistically significant, our research also provides some advice as well. Such as pay effort on enhancing desirability of the software, maximize the software value of usefulness, avoid complexity and so forth. 2 Introduction Read MoreWbut Syllabus 1st Sem11442 Words   |  46 Pagesthree parts covering not more than two topics (marked in bold italics face). Sufficient questions should to be set covering all modules. Module I Matrix: Determinant of a square matrix, Minors and Cofactors, Laplace’s method of expansion of a determinant, Product of two determinants, Adjoint of a determinant, Jacobi’s theorem on adjoint determinant. Singular and non-singular matrices, Adjoint of a matrix, Inverse of a non-singular matrix and its properties, orthogonal matrix and its properties, TraceRead MoreComparative Study of Quality of Work Life Management in Tcs Ibm: a Case Study Analysis14194 Words   |  57 Pagessatisfaction may be assessed, so that action can be taken which will enhance an individuals performance. Somewhere in all this, there is often an awareness of the greater context, whereupon the home-work context is considered, for example, and other factors, such as an individual s personal characteristics, and the broader economic or cultural climate, might be seen as relevant. In this context, subjective well-being is seen as drawing upon both work and non-work aspects of life. However, more complex

Quality Management Essay - 684 Words

Description of how Woolworths manages quality and determine how effective Woolworths is at managing quality. Under the strategic objective of protecting customer trust, Woolworths has a defined policy that applies to all its business units to ensure quality is maintained at the highest level and is consequently a positive reflection of the overall Woolworths brand. This policy is entitled ‘Woolworths Quality Assurance Standard â€Å"protecting customer trust†, version 6 June 2009’. Woolworths has identified that a key element to its quality management strategy for its business is a priority focus on its suppliers. Suppliers are defined as trade partners and as such elevate them to share the responsibility with Woolworths to achieve the†¦show more content†¦Woolworths demands that HACCP plans are based on ‘Product Specifications’. The fact that it regularly assesses products’ compliance to specification is another factor towards maintaining a high standard of quality management. WQA has sections which specifically cover ‘Good Manufacturing Practice’ (GMP) as well as ‘Document Control’, ‘Cleaning Procedures’ and ‘Pest Control’. In terms of GMP, the WQA lists approximately 22 policies and procedures which must be adhered to and records of verification of adherence which must be kept. These policies and procedures cover just about everything from ‘Personnel Hygiene Policy’ to ‘Packaging’. As with most sections of WQA it is very comprehensive. Training of personnel is another area which has detailed requirements in WQA. All roles relating to ensuring quality must be undertaken by suitably qualified staff. Training schedules are linked to employees’ job descriptions, training records are kept and training needs are regularly reviewed. Under the section called ‘Calibration’, WQA specifies that procedures are put in place to ensure that all equipment used for measuring, testing and inspecting gives accurate readings. The next section is ‘Product identification traceability’. Clear identification of grade, inspection status and description of all material, whetherShow MoreRelatedDefinition Of Total Quality Management1946 Words   |  8 Pages Total Quality Management is the concept of processes and integration all of functions in an organization in order that to focus on quality control and approach to long-term success will continue improvement in all aspects but not short- term goal. TQM of business plan began in 1980 in the United States. It was popular until early 1990. Nowadays, in the small business to large business, including restaurant and fast food businesses that used system quality standards to manage the organization becauseRead MoreQuality And Total Quality Management1662 Words   |  7 PagesQuality is defined by meeting customers needs. Total quality management in the company through continuous improvement of the quality of its products, services and people. (Goetsch, 2010) Quality and total quality management, the main difference is that perception and activities. (Goetsch, 2010) Here are two of the main elements of the total amount as follows: 1) Education and training: all must be trained and the staff of the organization and educated so that they work hard to do a smart job.Read MoreMeasuring the Cost of Quality Management3443 Words   |  14 PagesCASE FOR QUALITY Measuring the Cost of Quality For Management by Gary Cokins T he quality movement has used the term cost of quality (COQ) for decades. But few organizations have actually adopted a reliable and repeatable method for measuring and reporting COQ and applied it to improve operations. Is the administrative effort just not worth the benefits, or is there a deeper problem with the methodology for measuring COQ? What COQ Should Do At an operational level, quality managementRead MoreProductivity and Quality Management9708 Words   |  39 PagesIssue paper one: Productivity and Quality Management Executive Report Prepared by G.Y. Attanayake MBA/2003/1448 Course : MBA 501 Managing Business Operations Dr. Travis Perera and Mr. A.K.L Jayawardana July, 2003 POSTGRADUATE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT University of Sri Jayewardenepura TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO. EXECUTIVE SUMMERY 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 MEASURING PRODUCTIVITY IN THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICE SECTORS 1.1.1 Productivity Defined and Explained 5 1.1.1.1 Why ProductivityRead MoreQuality Management: Implementing Quality Systems2153 Words   |  9 PagesImplementing quality systems 01_Introduction A quality material, product, process, service or system is one that meets the needs of customers. Today, customers, including consumers, know what they want and can easily recognise ‘quality’. Businesses interact with a variety of customers e.g. †¢ Internal e.g. staff who have their office cleaned, or use the canteen †¢ Business e.g. suppliers of raw materials, stationery, transport, telecommunications †¢ End users e.g. other firms, the government orRead MoreTotal Quality Management750 Words   |  3 PagesTotal Quality Management Total quality management is something that was introduced to us around the 1950s. By the 1980s this was something that had been implemented more into many different businesses and the movement began. A total quality management team is defined as the techniques an association uses to recover not only the quality of its company and services but also its production level. This technique involves a lot of joint effort and is used through-out an organization. Everyone is includedRead MoreQuality Of Quality Management Process919 Words   |  4 PagesThe Quality Management process is a set of procedures that are followed to ensure that deliverables that are produced by a team that comply with standards. The start of a Quality Management process involves setting quality levels, which agree with the customer. Quality Assurance along with Quality Control Process are measured and reported to the actual quality of deliverables. Part of the Quality Management Processes are quality issues are id entified and resolved quickly. A Quality Management ProcessRead MoreThe Quality Of Total Quality Management896 Words   |  4 Pages Total quality management, also known as TQM, which is an umbrella methodology drawing on knowledge of the principles and practices of the behavioral sciences, the analysis of quantitative and non-quantitative data, economic theories, and process analysis to continually improve the quality of all processes. Three major contributors to the quality profession include: Walter A. Shewhart, W. Edwards Demings, and Joseph M. Juran, who taught the concepts of controlling the quality and managerialRead MoreQuality Of Quality Assessment And Management1313 Words   |  6 PagesQuality Assessment and Management Healthcare facilities have a legal and moral obligation to provide the high quality patient care, (Huber, 2014). The Quality Management team’s goal will be to continually strive to improve the care their organization delivers. In order for this to be achieved their must goals and objectives to work towards. The success of these goals and objectives are dependent upon The Quality Management Structure of the organization. With proper implementation and managementRead MoreQuality Management : Quality Of House Building Essay1821 Words   |  8 Pages 4.729 QUALITY MANAGEMENT QUALITY OF HOUSE BUILDING IN AUCKLAND Name : MILTON JOSEPH FRANCIS I.D. No. : 20142314 Email : itsmemilton@gmail.com Word Count : 1706 Prepared for : PROF. RAY NINOW Introduction: Substandard building work is on the ascent, with protests to the administration run Licensed Building Practitioners plan up 30 for each penny this year. The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment which runs the plan says more developers

Brand Identity and Positioning

Question: Discuss about the Brand Identity and Positioning. Answer: Introduction: The success of any business depends on the brand identity and the positioning of the company in the market. Brand identity can be defined as the ways in which the company represents themselves in front of the consumers to help them get an perceived value about the company (Kavaratzis and Hatch 2013). The ways in which the product of any company is strategically placed in the market to remain distinguishable from similar products within that market is known as brand positioning (MacInnis, Park and Priester 2014). Through this report, one strong and one weak brand have been chosen. The globally acknowledged chocolate company Cadbury has been chosen as the strong brand. On other hand, the chocolate brand from Australia named Havenhand represents the weaker brand in our report. The first part in this report gives a brief description about the background of the two companies. In the second part the report speaks about the CBBE model and the brand identity and positioning system of both the companies. Then the report tries to highlight the things that should be changed within the weaker organization to help it gain access to a wide range of markets. In other words, this part discusses about the repositioning strategy. The report is then summarized in the conclusion paragraph. Background of the companies: Cadbury: The John Cadbury in United Kingdom has founded the company Cadbury 193 years ago. Mondelez International now owns the multinational company since 2010. After Wrigleys it is the most famous brand in the world and operates in more than 50 nations (www.cadbury.co 2017). Cadbury has been head-quartered in Uxbridge region in U.K. The company has earned revenues of around $4 billion during the year 2015 (www.telegraph.co.uk 2012). The first store started by selling drinking chocolates and cocoa and the globally loved chocolate named Dairy Milk was launched in the year 1905. U.K, China, Australia and India provides the biggest market of this company for this company. On other hand, Argentina, Thailand, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the gulf markets are the potential growing market for this company. The company had recently launched its products in three countries namely Philippines, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia. At present the company has been providing employment to over 71657 people. During 2010, Kraft Foods took over the ownership of the company and after that in 2012, they successfully increased their profit by 1.8% from their previous years (www.cadbury.co 2017). Havenhand: Havenhand is amongst the well-known chocolate company existing in Australia. It specializes in producing fruit chocolates. The company has been catering only to Australian customers with their wide range of chocolate products. It also has their own chocolate caf where people can go have breakfast, lunch and even afternoon snacks while enjoying the scenic beauty of the Murray river (www.havenhandchocolates.com 2017). They are well-known for using the best quality sun-dried fruits from Riverland. They use premium quality Belgium chocolate for preparing their unique combination of more than 300 varieties of chocolates, truffles and novelties (www.havenhandchocolates.com 2017). The reason behind choosing this company in our report is that in spite of being such a well acknowledged brand in Australia, the company still does not cater to global customers. Hence, there must be some issues that have been drawing back the company from expanding globally. Through this report, some repositionin g strategies is going to be identified which might help this company to flourish in their business. Brand identity and Positioning Strategies: CBBE Model: Professor Kevin Lane Keller formulated a model through which any company, organization or business might shape their presence in the market (Sirianni et al. 2013). His famous model has been termed as Consumer-Based Brand Equity model (CBBE). According to Prof. Kevin, the success of any brand does not take place overnight. The company needs to pass through several stages creating a positive image of their products in peoples eyes (Keller 2016). There are four major steps through which any company must pass before getting globally acknowledged. These steps have been highlighted in the diagram below. Figure 1: CBBE MODEL by Kevin Lane Keller Source: Cadbury based on CBBE Model: Figure 2: CBBE of Cadbury Source: Created by Author From the figure above it can be easily said that Cadbury has been successful in moving up the pyramid of CBBE by creating brand recognition, giving people a feel good factor and remaining affordable by almost all those who loves chocolate. The company has a wide range of product portfolio customized in accordance with the taste and preference of the nations where it operates (Gupta 2014). Out of all its products, Dairy Milk has been the most famous one which has been attracting global consumers since 1905. Havenhand based on CBBE Model: Figure 3: CBBE of Havenhand Source: Created by the Author The figure above clearly indicates that the chocolates of Havenhand are recognized and used by Australians only. There has been lack of brand recognition outside the country (Trott and Sople 2016). In spite of the fact that this company also provides a wide variety of products in different stylized packages, the company still lacks in creating a successful brand image which would help it penetrate the foreign market. Positioning of the brands: Now, with the help of positioning map the existing condition of both the company has been shown below. Through this mapping, peoples perception about different brands and its competitors are highlighted for the ease of comparison (Singh, kalafatis and Ledden 2014) Figure 4: Positioning Map Source: Created by the Author In this positioning map, the violet star indicates the position of Cadbury Products whereas the red star indicates the positioning of Havenhand chocolates. It has been observed that Cadbury has kept a wide range in its product prices. It falls under the category where it provides high quality products at low prices. This has been possible as the company caters to a large basket of consumers and production in bulk amount reduces per unit cost involved in productivity (MacInnis, Park and Priester 2014). On other hand, company Haverhand positions itself where the price of its products are higher than that of Cadbury but at the same time there has been compromise with the quality of the products. This compromise has not been done purposely on companys behalf but it occurred as a result of small scale operation dealing with chocolates and fresh fruits. Repositioning Strategy: The way in which Cadbury became globally acknowledged has been seen in the above section. Now, for Havenhand to become a stronger brand than it is, it must re-position itself in the market creating a higher brand value. The strategies that Cadbury has taken up in its long journey but Havenhand still do not use are given below: Spreading their products amongst customers through several channels like local stores, retailer, supermarkets and even chocolate vending machines Keeping a wide range of prices keeping in mind the affordability of different customer segment Advertising their products through both print and online media and attracting customers Adapting cultural diversity of the nations where it operates Targeting different segment of customers like kids, younger generation, adults and even old people through value-oriented advertisement Conclusion: The entire report can be summarized by stating that the success of any company, organization or brand depends upon several factors. Through our report it has been observed that Cadbury has been able to establish its brand identity in the global market. It has successfully followed the four step pyramid of the CBBE model. On other hand, Havenhand being a reputed chocolate brand has not been able to open itself up in the global market. By comparing the strategies of these two brands it can be said that Havenhand has some flaws in their strategy. They are not targeting their customer properly and keeping the price of their product on the higher side of the market segment. In addition they do not have a large number of stores in the market and hence distribution of their products remains constricted. Hence, it can be concluded by stating that if it can gradually adopt the above mentioned re-positioning strategy it would be able to reach out to more customers and thereby climb up in creat ing a high brand identity. References: Gupta, R.K., 2014. Secrets of Building a World Class Brand.Siddhant-A Journal of Decision Making,14(4), pp.344-356. Havenhandchocolates.com. (2017).Havenhand Chocolates. [online] Available at: https://www.havenhandchocolates.com/ [Accessed 5 Feb. 2017]. Kavaratzis, M. and Hatch, M.J., 2013. The dynamics of place brands: An identity-based approach to place branding theory.Marketing theory,13(1), pp.69-86. Keller, K.L., 2016. Reflections on customer-based brand equity: perspectives, progress, and priorities.AMS review,6(1-2), pp.1-16. MacInnis, D.J., Park, C.W. and Priester, J.W., 2014.Handbook of brand relationships. Routledge. Singh, J., P. Kalafatis, S. and Ledden, L., 2014. Consumer perceptions of cobrands: The role of brand positioning strategies.Marketing Intelligence Planning,32(2), pp.145-159. Sirianni, N.J., Bitner, M.J., Brown, S.W. and Mandel, N., 2013. Branded service encounters: Strategically aligning employee behavior with the brand positioning.Journal of Marketing,77(6), pp.108-123. Staff Agencies, T. (2012).Cadbury-owner Kraft sees profits rise after raising prices. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9244755/Cadbury-owner-Kraft-sees-profits-rise-after-raising-prices.html [Accessed 5 Feb. 2017]. Trott, S. and Sople, V.V., 2016.Brand Equity: An Indian Perspective. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. www.cadbury.co. (2017).Home Page. [online] Available at: https://www.cadbury.co.uk/ [Accessed 5 Feb. 2017].

Urban Music In The Year 2000 Essays - Hip Hop, Music, Tupac Shakur

Urban Music In The Year 2000 Urban Music in the Year 2000 Shots ring out in South Central Los Angeles. A man screams in horror. This man has been shot in a heated gang war. This is everyday life for gang members. Gang members are used to cold blooded murder and most attend at least 5 funerals a week. Similar situations occur in Harlem, New York and in other places around the country. Why is this happening? Many people think that rap music is making kids more violent. They think that rap music is just a glorification of violence. All rap music is doing is to show how horrible and inhuman life is in the ghettos across the country. This is what's really happening out there. It's not fake. Right now, there is a major conflict between West Coast and East Coast rappers. East and West are fighting in a vicious battle that leaves hundreds of poor, helpless people dead in the street. There's no reason for this to be going on. Back in the early '90's, when rap was beginning to become popular, the East/West war wasn't quite there yet but it was slowly becoming more and more obvious that there was a conflict between rappers. Part of the reason that the war started was that West Coast rap dominated and nobody questioned their supremecy. Ice Cube, Ice T, and Eazy E were the rappers of the moment. The war slowly worsened when East Coast rappers began to get more publicity. West Coast rappers were upset that they weren't 100% in the spotlight so they started to make fun of East rappers in their music proclaiming that East Coast rap was fake and couldn't top West Coast. Then, East Coast rappers fired back obscenities at West Coast rappers and it kept up like that until someone decided that the other coast had gone too far. In 1993, Sean Combs started Bad Boy Entertainment in New York and for the first time ever, East Coast sales surpassed West Coast rap sales. Suddenly, as if out of nowhere came the peak of the West/East feud. Smaller gangs in cities took the example of the big playaz and followed what they said. Before, local gangs killed for affiliation whether you were a Blood or a Crip. Now, gangs were killing for West and East. In some cities it was so bad that you could be killed for living on the wrong side of the neighborhood. The war went on for awhile and started getting worse. The big feud was West Coast Death Row Records against East Coast Bad Boy Entertainment. Their were some personal feuds though. West rapper Tupac Shakur had a personal problem with East rap mogul The Notorious B.I.G. They often rapped about each other and were very personal. In one song Tupac claimed to have slept with Biggie's wife and the Notorious B.I.G. retaliated in his music by saying Stupid niggaz mess wit Big Poppa, mother*censored*ers get roasted if you *censored* wit B.I.G. These words became extremely important later. Then, on September 7, 1996 West rapper Tupac Amaru Shakur was shot to death in a drive by shooting in Las Vegas. His murder remains unsolved and will probably never be solved. There were over 100 possible witnesses but only 1 agreed to testify. Many gang members believe that the police can't do anything so they refuse to cooperate. And, after the funeral the gang members settle the score themselves. And almost always it is bloody. Members of Tupac's entourage thought the only way to make things better was to kill an East rapper. And in my opinion, that's exactly what they did. On March 3, 1997 East rapper Christopher Wallace aka Notorious B.I.G. was shot to death. Sound familiar? It should because that's the same thing that happened to Tupac Shakur six months earlier. Both murders are unsolved so no one except the killers know why these senseless deaths happened. Sadly, life goes on and many people in the ghetto think there is only one answer to these problems: retaliation. Now in 1998, the feud is somewhat better. No Limit Records, which is the number one West label after Death Row Records CEO Suge